Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Question 1

what are three social characteristics for autism? all of them

Answer 1

difficulty using nonverbal behaviours, deficits in peer relationships, lack of social or emotional reciprocity

Question 2

what are the 4repetitive patterns of behaviour and interest for autism? at least 2

Answer 2

• repetitve motor movement/objects/speech
• fixated interests
• inflexible adherence to routines
• hyper or hypo reactivity to sensory input

Question 3

what are the two other criteria for autism?

Answer 3

• symptoms present in early developmental period
• significant impairment

Question 4

what are the 2 specifiers and 3 impairment severity for autism?

Answer 4

with or without: intellectual impairment or accompanying language impairment
severity: impaired communication, impaired reciprocal social interaction, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviours or interests

Question 5

what are the 6 features of autism?

Answer 5

motor problems are common, self-injury is common, behavioural problems, prone to anxiety and depression, autistic savants, more common in males

Question 6

what are the biological causes of autism?

Answer 6

genetics, prenatal factors (rubela affects brain development) and brain abnormalities (abnormal brain growth)

Question 7

what is the behaviour therapy? (4)

Answer 7

• communication skills
• self-care skills
• behaviour problems
• social skills

Question 8

what are the two main symptoms of ADHD? either 1 or 2

Answer 8

inattention: mistakes, inattention, don’t listen, don’t finish tasks, disorganization, lose things, distraction, forgetful, avoid sustained mental effort

hyperactivity/impulsivity: fidgets, can’t sit still, runs/climbs, can’t play quietly, on the go, talk excessively, blurt out answer, difficulty waiting their turn, interruptions

Question 9

what are the 3 other symptoms of ADHD?

Answer 9

onset before the age of 12, duration of at least 6 months, impairment in two or more settings

Question 10

what are the 3 subtypes of ADHD?

Answer 10

combined type, inattentive type, hyperactive-impulsive type

Question 11

what are the 8 related problems of ADHD in schools?

Answer 11

cognitive strategies, achievement, group work, motivation, reprimands, relationships, self-esteem, depression

Question 12

what are the 3 causes of ADHD?

Answer 12

genetics, prenatal and birth complications, psychosocial factors (parenting skills, disruptions, parent stress)

Question 13

what is the treatment of ADHD and its side effects?

Answer 13

stimulants: insomnia, decreased appetite and weight loss, abdominal pain/nausea/headaches, irritability, crying, increased heart rate/blood pressure
rare side effects: tics, behavioural rebound, loss of spontaneity

Question 14

what are the psychosocial treatments for ADHD? (3)

Answer 14

behavioural programs, accommodations in school, self-instructing training

Question 15

what are the three types of learning disorders?

Answer 15

reading (dyslexia), written expression (dysgraphia), mathematics (dyscalculia)

Question 16

what are the causes of learning disorders? (3)

Answer 16

impaired visual processing, dysfunction in other sensory pathways, genetics

Question 17

what are the treatments to learning disorders? (4)

Answer 17

accentuate strengths, remedial training, learning strategies and accommodation, psychological interventions (self-esteem, self-advocacy (fight for their rights)