Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards
(1) impairment in social interacting and communications and (2) restricted repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, activities- 2 symptoms in category 2
Autism Spectrum Disorder
The 3 main criteria in Criterion A in ASD
- Deficits in social emotional reciprocity
- Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors
- Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
The specifier in Criterion A in ASD
severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior
Onset of ASD
early childhood
Why Autism has Spectrum?
Variation in manifestation of the symptoms
Example of repetitive motor movements in Criterion B in ASD
flapping hands
banging head against wall
finger flicking
The term which an individual with ASD repeated the words of others
Echolalia
Children with ASD engage in repetitive behaviors using some part of their body
Self stimulatory behaviors
Genetic disorders that associated with cognitive impairment on children with ASD
Fragile x syndrome
PKU
Great in size of Brain in children with
ASD
what is it called to area of the brain where facial perception is less activated
Fusiform gyrus
the severity of ASD depends on
IQ level
Called to rare individuals with ASD who mastered 1 subject or filer to an extremely high level
Savants
The symptoms are noticeable on children with ASD on aged
for atleast first 2 years of life
a deficit in both intellectual and adaptive functioning in conceptual, practical and social domains
intellectual disability disorders
formerly known as mental retardation
intellectual disability
The domain which shows deficits in skills such as language, reading, writing, math, reasoning, knowledge, memory, and problem solving
Conceptual domain
The domain which there is a difficulty in being aware of and understanding others experiences
Social domain
The domain which show deficits in managing personal care
Practical domain
How many criteria is there is IDD
3
Criterials in IDD (3) must be
all met
The law in US that replaces the term mental retardation in intellectual disability
Rosa’s Law
What is the specifier for IDD?
the severity should be classified as mild, moderate, severe or profound on the basis of adaptive function (and not IQ alone) and the level of support required
People with IDD have motor skills problems such as
eye hand coordination and balance
Children and adults generally
- have limitations in their ability to acquire typical academic or job related skills
- immature in social interactions
- overly concrete in their communications with others
- limited social judgement
- may be able to care for themselves reasonably
- adults hold competitive jobs that don’t emphasize conceptual skills
Mild level of intellectual disability
- children has delays in language development (using only 4-10 words at the age of 3)
- physically clumsy
- trouble in dressing and feeding them
- can attain at least 2nd grade level but can acquire simple vocational skills
- social interactions may be impaired by communication difficulties, and they may have poor judgement
Moderate level of intellectual disability
- have very limited vocabulary and may speak in two- to three word sentences
- children has deficits in motor development
- cannot travel alone cannot shop or cook for themselves
- they require support for all aspects of daily living
Severe intellectual disability
- don’t develop conceptual skills
- in social domain, they only understand simple concrete instructions and gestures
- ## adults with this level of IDD is fully dependent on others
Profound intellectual disability
The IQ score of individuals with IDD
70 or lowerw
To determine the level of severity in IDD, it is noted that ____ should be focused rather than on IQ itself
individuals level of adaptive functioning
genetic in nature
IDD
2 metabolic disorders that are genetically transmitted and cause intellectual disability
PKU (phenylketonuria)
Tay-Sachs disease
PKU in IDD is caused by
being carried by a recessive gene and occurs 1 in 20, 000 birhths
Children with _____ are unable to metabolize phenylalanine.
PKU
Best known causes of intellectual disability is
Down syndrome
Down syndrome occurs due to when ____ is present in triplicate rather than duplicate
Chromosome 21
Fragile x syndrome typically affects
Males
IDD can be profoundly affected by the
Fetus prenatal environment
Children whose mothers abuse alcohol during pregnancy is at risk of
Fetal alcohol syndrome
It is not required for DSM- 5 diagnosis in intellectual disability disorder
full scale IQ below 70
There is no general intellectual impairment in
Specific learning disorder and communication disorder
False diagnosis of intellectual disability
The specifiers mild, moderate, severe, and profound are based on IQ scores
Severity specifiers is included in diagnostic criteria of
IDD
DSM 5 diagnosis in IDD does not require or is not a diagnostic feature of IDD
A full scale IQ of less than 70
Gullibility is an important feature of
IDD
Which of the following statements about adaptive functioning in the diagnosis of IDD is TRUE?
Adaptive functioning with IDD in childhood will typically continue to meet criteria in adulthood even if their adoptive functioning improves
Which of the following statements about the developmental course of IDD is TRUE?
Major neurocognitive disorder may co-occur with IDD
______ is categorized as a neurodevelopmental disorder and is distinct from the neurocognitive disorder, which are characterized by a loss of cognitive functioning
Intellectual disability
The diagnosis of global developmental delay is reserved for individuals under the age of 5 years who fail to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning
In Criterion B of Autism Spectrum Disorder, a person must met atleast ___
2 symptoms
With or without dementia is not a specifier for
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Most adolescent with autism disorder improves behaviorally; only a minority further deteriorates
Austism spectrum disorder is not comorbid with
Selective mutism
Criterion A list of symptoms to be met kn Specific Learning Disorder
(atleast 1; persist for atleast 6 months)
- Inaccurate or slow and effortful word reading
- Difficulty understanding the meaning of what is read
- Difficulty with spelling
- Difficulties with written expression
- Difficulties mastering number sense, number facts, or calculation
- Difficulties with mathematical reasoning
Criterion C of SLD wherein learning difficulties begin during
School age years
Specifiers (3) in Specific Learning Disorder
With impairment in reading
With impairment in written expression
With impairment in mathematics
Difficulty in reading is also referred known as_____ usually apparent in 4th graders
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is most common in
Boys
Children with _____ often struggle with low academic performance or have to put forth extraordinarily high levels of effort to achieve average grades
learning disorders
The 4 criteria in criterion A must be met in
Selective Learning Disorder
Difficulty to articulate and analyze words are associated with what part of brain structure on individuals with SLD?
Broca’s Areas (area in the inferior frontal gyrus?
low activity in parietotemporal regions on individuals with SLD specified to
Dyslexia
