Neurodevelopmental and Attention Disorders Flashcards
Neurodevelopmental disorders (not motor) must be present before a child _______
enters grade school
so manifests early development
What do neurodevelopmental and motor disorders do?
produces impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning
For intellectual disability diagnosis, you have to have adaptive functioning deficits in what domains?
conceptual (especially problem-solving)
social (especially difficulty regulating emotion and behavior in social situations)
practical (need help making healthcare and legal decisions)
Severity of intellectual disability is based on?
adaptive functioning
NOT IQ scores!
–> use DDST (Denver developmental screening test) and Wechsler intelligence scale
Define global developmental delay
meet criteria of intellectual disability but child too young for DDST or so poor it wouldn’t be indicative
have severe head injury or insult during developmental period
What do you need to take into account when evaluating possible communication disorders?
cultural and language context
Define language disorder
difficulty with spoken, written, and sign language
Define speech sound disorder
difficulty making speech sound that are intelligible and limits verbal communication
***not attributable to limited opportunity for language acquisition or other issues
Define childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering)
difficulty with fluency and patterns of speech sound
–> problems transitioning from sounds
causes anxiety about speaking and limits effective communication/academic and social participation
not attributable to sensory or motor deficit, neuro insult, or other mental disorder
Describe social (pragmatic) communication disorder
difficulty with social use of verbal and nonverbal communication
–> speaking differently in classroom vs playground, hard to understand metaphors and inferences
basically trouble communicating with other people in a socially acceptable way
defects often not obvious until social demands exceed capacities (later childhood or adolescence)
not attributable to neuro disorder or better explained by autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, etc
Diagnostic features of social (pragmatic) communication disorder
primary difficulty with social use of language
Associated features that support dx of social (pragmatic) communication disorder
delay in reaching language milestones
–> know language basics but have difficulty using it socially
Developmental course of social (pragmatic) communication disorder
may not be apparent until early adolescence when language and social interactions become more complex
Define the 7 problem areas that are characteristic of autism spectrum disorder
-problems with social communication and interaction across multiple contexts
~~~failure of back and forth conversation, reduced sharing of emotions or interests, don’t initiate or respond to social interactions
-problems with nonverbal behaviors used for social interaction
~~~~lack MEANINGFUL eye contact, limited use of body language or gestures/facial expressions
-problems with developing, maintaining, understanding relationships (parallel play vs social play)
-restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior/interests/activities
~~~idiosyncratic phrases, repetitive motor movements, obsessively line up toys to deal with sensory overload
- insistence of sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, ritualized patterns
- obsessive and intense fascination or fixation with objects or subjects of interest
- abnormal reaction to sensory input (overreacts or underreacts)
How to diagnose autism spectrum disorder
diagnosed when not better explained by intellectual disability alone or global developmental delay
—>often autism and intellectual disability coexist
autism alone has restricted interests or repetitive behaviors
–> if intellectual - with this, comorbid dx
–> if normal intellectual (no deficit in conceptual, social, practical domains), autism spectrum dx
