Neurodevelopment disorders Flashcards
When is global development delay diagnosis used?
Individuals who are unable to undergo systematic assessments of intellectual functioning:
- -children who are too young to participate in standardized testing
- -acquired insult during development period
- -severe head injury
impairments of adaptive functioning (4)?
- -communication
- -social participation
- -academic or occupational functioning
- -personal independence at home or community settings
Intellectual development disorder conceptual domain
- -conceptual skills lag markedly behind peers
- -for preschoolers, language skills develop slowly
- -for school-aged, progress in academic settings lags behind peers
- -for adults, support is required for all use of academic skills in work & personal life
intellectual development disorder social domain
- -immature in social situations
- -has trouble making friends
- -conversation & language more concrete & less mature
- -difficulties regulating emotion–noticed by peers
- -easily manipulated in social situations
intellectual development disorder practical domain
- -difficulty with age-appropriate personal care
- -adults need help grocery shopping, transportation, food prep, and money management
- -difficulty making good decisions about personal well-being & recreational activity
Autism spectrum disorder–social communication
- -deficits in social-emotional reciprocity: can’t hold back & forth conversation, reduced sharing of interests, emotions, etc.
- -deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors: abnormalities in eye contact & body language, lack of facial expressions
- -deficits in developing & understandings relationships: can’t adjust behavior to suit social situations, hard time making friends
autism spectrum disorder–repetitive, restricted behaviors
Need at least 2
- -repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech
- -insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to schedules, rigid thinking patterns
- -highly restricted interests that are abnormal in intensity
- -hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input
autism spectrum disorder–other diagnostic critera
- -symptoms must be present in early development period (may not be fully manifested until social demands exceed limits)
- -symptoms must cause impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning
- -not better explained by intellectual disability or global development delay
what is the most useful behavioral intervention for autism?
–most useful is education & support for parents, siblings, teachers, etc
What medications are used for autism?
risperidone & aripiprazole are used for irritability & agitation
what subtype of ADHD are females more likely to have?
inattentive
- -less disruptive behavior
- -can lead to under identification & lack of tx
What are some common comorbid disorders associated with adult ADHD?
mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorders, intermittent explosive disorder
What is tourette’s syndrome triad?
tics, ADHD, and obsessive compulsive symptoms
- -childhood onset characterized by motor & vocal tics that last more than 1 yr
- -both attention symptoms and obsessive symptoms often don’t meet the full criteria for the relevant diagnosis
executive functioning issue
- -info processing dysfunction within the prefrontal cortex
- -due to deficiency of dopamine & NE
Which region of brain has been consistently linked dysfunctions in ADHD
dorsal anterior midcingulate cortex
How many symptoms should children present with to make a diagnosis of ADHD? adults?
children–6 or more
adults–5 or more
characteristics of inattentive type ADHD
- -fails to pay close att to details or makes careless mistakes
- -has difficulty sustaining att
- -does not appear to listen
- -stuggles to follow instructions
- -has hard time with organization
- -avoids tasks with lots of thinking
- -loses things
- -is easily distracted
- -is forgetful in daily activities
characteristics of hyperactive type ADHD
- -fidgets with hands or feet/ squirms in chair
- -has difficulty remaining seated
- -restlessness
- -difficulty in being quiet during activities
- -acts as if driven by a motor
- -talks excessively
- -blurts out answers before questions have been completed
- -difficulty waiting or taking turns
what are 2 diagnostic tools used for ADHD
test of variables of attention
conners continuous performance test
tx for children pre-school age ADHD
behavior therapy administered by parent/teacher (first line)
methylphenidate if therapy does not show significant improvement
tx for school aged kids (6-11) ADHD
prescribe FDA approved meds & behavior therapy
tx for adolescents ADHD
prescribe FDA approved meds (with assent from pt) & hopefully behavior therapy
Tourette’s disorder diagnostics
- -multiple tics & one or more phonic tics must be present at some time during illness
- -tics must occur many times throughout day most days for more than a yr
- -onset of tics before 18 (DSM) or 21
- -cannot be explained by another medical condition
What are the most common comorbidities of tourettes?
–ADHD
–OCD
–anxiety disorders
–mood disorders with risk of suicide
disruptive behaviors, sleep disorders, and learning disabilities are common
