Neurodevelopment Disorders (22) Flashcards
types of neurodevelopmental disorders
1) ADHD
2) ASD
behaviors common with ASD
not responding to own name by age 1, avoids eye contact, prefers to be alone
delayed speech and language skills, flaps hands, answers are unrelated to questions
repeats words, obsessive interests, flat affect
ASD has various diagnoses
Autistic Disorder, Rhett’s Disorder, Asperger’s
risk factors of ASD
enlarged white matter, pregnant women with asthma and allergies, possible caused by MMR vaccine
related disorders of ASD
tic disorders
learning disorders
motor skills disorder
communication disorder
elimination disorder
characteristics of ADHD
hyperactive, impulsiveness, noisy, disruptive, failure to follow directions
key feature of ADHD
behaviors must be consistent
how does ADHD affect adults?
most often clients are undiagnosed until adulthood
they are more likely to develop depression, bipolar disorder, substance abuse
brain makeup of people with ADHD
decreased metabolism in frontal lobes, decreased blood flow to frontal cortex, decreased glucose use in frontal lobes
what is the frontal lobe responsible for?
attention, impulse control, organization, sustained goal directed activity
what is enuresis?
repeated voiding of urine during the day or night by a 5 year old child
how can enuresis be treated?
Imipramine (Tofranil)
an antidepressant with side effect of urinary retention
children also respond to behavioral approaches and positive reinforcement
what is encopresis?
repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places by 4 yr old child
what is the nursing goal for a child with ADHD?
free of injury, no violation of boundaries, demonstrates age-appropriate social skills
task completion and follows directions
nursing interventions for a child with ADHD
task breakdown, enforced daily routine, positive reinforcement
collaborate with parents in maintaining a routine and using token economy
verbal reinforcement when boundaries are violated
