Neurodevelopment Disorders (22) Flashcards
types of neurodevelopmental disorders
1) ADHD
2) ASD
behaviors common with ASD
not responding to own name by age 1, avoids eye contact, prefers to be alone
delayed speech and language skills, flaps hands, answers are unrelated to questions
repeats words, obsessive interests, flat affect
ASD has various diagnoses
Autistic Disorder, Rhett’s Disorder, Asperger’s
risk factors of ASD
enlarged white matter, pregnant women with asthma and allergies, possible caused by MMR vaccine
related disorders of ASD
tic disorders
learning disorders
motor skills disorder
communication disorder
elimination disorder
characteristics of ADHD
hyperactive, impulsiveness, noisy, disruptive, failure to follow directions
key feature of ADHD
behaviors must be consistent
how does ADHD affect adults?
most often clients are undiagnosed until adulthood
they are more likely to develop depression, bipolar disorder, substance abuse
brain makeup of people with ADHD
decreased metabolism in frontal lobes, decreased blood flow to frontal cortex, decreased glucose use in frontal lobes
what is the frontal lobe responsible for?
attention, impulse control, organization, sustained goal directed activity
what is enuresis?
repeated voiding of urine during the day or night by a 5 year old child
how can enuresis be treated?
Imipramine (Tofranil)
an antidepressant with side effect of urinary retention
children also respond to behavioral approaches and positive reinforcement
what is encopresis?
repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places by 4 yr old child
what is the nursing goal for a child with ADHD?
free of injury, no violation of boundaries, demonstrates age-appropriate social skills
task completion and follows directions
nursing interventions for a child with ADHD
task breakdown, enforced daily routine, positive reinforcement
collaborate with parents in maintaining a routine and using token economy
verbal reinforcement when boundaries are violated
what are the medications for children with ADHD?
methylphenidate (Ritalin)
amphetamine (Adderall)
dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
pemoline (Cylert)
reduces mood lability, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
what are common side effects of medications for ADHD?
insomnia, loss of appetite, weight-loss (or failure to gain weight)
what are other medications for children with ADHD?
Atomoxetine (a second choice for treatment that helps with depression)
what are the side effects of Atomoxetine?
liver damage, dry mouth, urinary retention, NVD, insomnia
what are the nursing considerations when administering medications for ADHD?
they should be given during the daytime (prevent insomnia) and after meals (decreases appetite)
SNAP-IV Teacher and Parent Rating Scale
an initial evaluation for suspected ADHD
(also oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and depression)
ADHD is comorbid with
substance use disorder, antisocial behavior, anxiety disorders, mood disorders
how can nurses work with parents of children with ADHD?
encourage them to have hope for their child’s development, provide tools needed to improve behavior and coping skills, teach appropriate expectations for their child
