Neurodevelopment

Question 1

Define intellectual disability

Answer 1

IQ<70
Developmental disorder, onset in childhood
Can be genetic, antenatal infection, hypoxia at childbirth, head injuries, severe neglect/abuse

Question 2

Childhood features of autism

Answer 2

Language delay or regression, unusual characteristics of spoken language, or reduced or infrequent use of language
A reduced or negative response to others- reduced social smiling, rejection hugs
Reduced interaction with others- solo play, no imitation of others, no social interest in others
Reduced eye contact, pointing, and other gestures
Reduced or absent imagination and variety of pretend play.
Unusual or restricted interests and/or rigid and repetitive behaviours

Question 3

Features ADHD

Answer 3

> 6m, in 2+ locations:
constantly on the go and constantly full of energy?
impulsive, often acting or reacting to things and situations immediately without obvious premeditation, interrupting others, talks excessively and/or struggling to wait their turn in games or conversation?
very fidgety, rarely sits still, is often fiddling with things and/or finds it difficult to remain seated?
has poor concentration and finds it difficult to focus upon tasks or play activities?
has poor time management and organisational skills?
easily distracted by goings on around them and/or frequently “day dreams”?

Question 4

Features dyspraxia

Answer 4

Developmental disorder that affects movement and co-ordination. It can make tasks such as balance, writing, or learning difficult
Treated with OT + CBT

Question 5

Features dyslexia

Answer 5

Dyslexia is a common learning difficulty that mainly causes problems with reading, writing and spelling, IQ is normal

Question 6

Management ADHD

Answer 6

Secondary care may prescribe methylphenidate, dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine
Monitor weight, height, HR, BP 3-6 monthly in children
Peer support
Parent training
CBT