Neurodegenerative cards

Question 1

Dementia with Lewy Bodies (9)

Answer 1

Visual hallucinations
Early personality changes, apathy, depression, psychosis
Axial parkinsonism with poor response to levodopa
Deficits in attention and visuospatial function with memory affected later in the course of disease
Fluctuating cognition and alertness
Repeated falls
Autonomic dysfunction
REM sleep behaviour disorder
Neuroleptic sensitivity

Question 2

Nonfluent variant PPA

Answer 2

effortful production of phonemes

Question 3

Semantic variant PPA

Answer 3

normal fluency and grammar, but impaired single word comprehension and object naming

Question 4

Logopenic variant PPA

Answer 4

slow speech, word finding, impaired sentence repetition

Question 5

Behavioural variant FTD? (7)

Answer 5

Disinhibition
Poor judgement
Impulsivity
Apathy and depression
Loss of verbal fluency 
Hyperorality
Obsessionality, preservation

Question 6

Corticobasal syndrome (11)

Answer 6

Limb rigidity and dystonia, often asymmetrical
Bradykinesia and clumsy hands
Postural instability and falls
Parkinsonian gait
Hyper-reflexia
Axial rigidity, but limb rigidity exceeds this
Tremor
Myoclonus
Abnormal eye movements- slow pursuit, representing ocular ataxia
Cognitive decline
Alien limb syndrome

Question 7

Progressive supranuclear palsy

Answer 7

Vertical gaze palsy
Axial dystonia with hypererect posture
Bradykinesia
Rigidity neck >limbs
Falls EARLY in the course of the disease
“Surprised” facies
Broad based gait with extended knees and trunk
Pseudobulbar dysfunction with dysarthria,dysphonia, dysphagia
Changes in cognition and behaviour that overlap with FTD and early and severe executive dysfunction