Antiepileptic mechanisms

Question 1

Carbamazepine

Answer 1

Stabilises sodium channels in their inactive state

Potentiates GABA receptors

Question 2

Benzodiazepines

Answer 2

Binds to stereospecific benzodiazepine receptors on the postsynaptic GABA neuron at several sites within the central nervous system, including the limbic system, reticular formation. Enhancement of the inhibitory effect of GABA on neuronal excitability results by increased neuronal membrane permeability to chloride ions. This shift in chloride ions results in hyperpolarization (a less excitable state) and stabilization. Benzodiazepine receptors and effects appear to be linked to the GABA-A receptors. Benzodiazepines do not bind to GABA-B receptors.

Question 3

Gabapentin

Answer 3

Binds alpha-2-delta subunit fo the L type voltage regulared sodium channels

Question 4

Keppra

Answer 4

Interacts with synaptic vesicle associated protein (SV2A) and inhibits presynaptic calcium channels

Question 5

oxcarbazepine

Answer 5

like carbamazepine

Question 6

lacosamide

Answer 6

sodium channel INACTIVATOR

Question 7

Phenytoin

Answer 7

Blocks voltage dependent sodium channels

Question 8

Tigabine

Answer 8

Inhibits GABA uptage fron sinus, so increased GABA mediated inhibitory transmission

Question 9

Topiramate

Answer 9

Blocks voltage dependent sodium channels

GABA enhancing inhibition

blocks kainate/AMPA glutamate receptors

Question 10

Zonisamide

Answer 10

block voltage dependent sodium channels

blocks voltage dependent T type calcium channels

Question 11

Vigabatrin

Answer 11

block voltage gated sodium channels and

blocks voltage dependent T type calcium

Question 12

Valproate

Answer 12

Block sodium channels

Question 13

Lamotrigine

Answer 13

Block voltage dependent sodium channels

Question 14

Perampanel

Answer 14

Block post synaptic AMPA receptors