neurodegenerative

Question 1

syringomyelia

Answer 1

C8-T1. cystic cavity called a syrinx, crossing anterior spinal commissures are damaged first. cape-like distribution loss of pain and temperature in the upper extremities. fine touch is preserved. associated with chiari malformations and trauma.

Question 2

what is the supraoptic for

Answer 2

ADH

Question 3

what is the paraventricular nucleus for

Answer 3

oxytocin

Question 4

what is the lateral hypothalamus control?

Answer 4

hunger. leptin inhibits this

Question 5

what is the venteromedial hypothalamus for

Answer 5

satiety, leptin stimulates this

Question 6

what is the anterior hypothalamus for

Answer 6

cooling and parasympathetics

Question 7

what is the posteior

Answer 7

heating and sympathetics

Question 8

what is the suprachiasmatic nucleus for

Answer 8

this is for circadian rhythms and sleep wake.

Question 9

huntingtons

Answer 9

20-50 AD trinucleotide repeat chromosome 4. choreiform movements, aggression, dementia. there is increased dopamine, decreased GABA and decreased ACh. there is neuronal death via glutamate overstimulation. atrophy of the caudate. ex vacuo dilation of the frontal horns. CAG repeat.

Question 10

poliomyelitis or werdig-hoffman (spinal muscular atrophy

Answer 10

lower motor neuron signs only. there is destruction of anterior horns with flaccid paralysis.

Question 11

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Answer 11

combined upper motor and lower motor neuron signs. with NO sensory or ocularmotor deficits. UMN.LMN caused by super oxide dismutase. presents with fasciculations and eventually atrophy and weakness of the hands.

Question 12

tabes dorsalis

Answer 12

demyelination of the dorsal columns and roots, impaired proprioception. progressive sensory ataxia. absence of deep tendon reflexes and rhomberg sign

Question 13

vitamin B 12 deficiency

Answer 13

subacute combined degeneration. there is demyelination of the dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tracts and spinocerebrellar tracts. ataxia, paresthesia, impaired position sense and vibration sense.

Question 14

charcot-marie-toothh

Answer 14

hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. defective proteins of the structure and function of myelin. presents with scoliosis and foot deformities.

Question 15

krabbe

Answer 15

lysosomal storage disease due to decreased galactocerebrosidase destroys the myelin sheath. there are globoid cells, developmental delay, optic neuropathy

Question 16

metachromatic leukodystrophy

Answer 16

lysosomal storage disease -build up of sulfatides. there is impaired production of myelin. central and peripheral demyelination with ataxia and dementia

Question 17

progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy

Answer 17

JC virus mediated rapidly progressive, fatal loss of oligodendrocytes.