Neurocognitive and sleep/wake disorders

Question 1

neurocognitive disorder

Answer 1

occurs when brain dysfunction affects thinking processes, memory, consciousness, or preceptionn

Question 2

brain pathology

Answer 2

a dysfunction of disease of the brain

Question 3

major neurocognitive disorder

Answer 3

significant decline in independent living skills and one or more areas of cognitive functioning

Question 4

dementia

Answer 4

condition with symptoms involving deterioration in cognition and independent functioning

Question 5

mild neurocognitive disorder

Answer 5

condition involving a modest decline in at least one major cognitive area

Question 6

delirium

Answer 6

an acute state of confusion involving diminished awareness, disorientation, and impaired attentional skills

Question 7

neurodegeneration

Answer 7

declining brain function due to progressive loss of brain structure, neurochemical abnormalities, or the death of neurons

Question 8

Traumatic Brain injury

Answer 8

a physical wonder internal injury to the brain

Question 9

concussion

Answer 9

trauma-induced changes in brain functioning, typically caused by a blow to the head

Question 10

cerebral contusion

Answer 10

bruising of the brain, often resulting from a blow that causes the brain to forcefully strike the skull

Question 11

cerebral laceration

Answer 11

open head injury in which brain tissue is torn, pierced, or ruptured

Question 12

chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Answer 12

a progressive, degenerative condition involving brain damage resulting from multiple episodes of head trauma

Question 13

vascular neurocognitive disorder

Answer 13

condition involving decline in cognitive skills due to reduced blood flow to the brain

Question 14

cardiovascular

Answer 14

pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

Question 15

atherosclerosis

Answer 15

clogging of the arteries resulting from a buildup of plaque

Question 16

plaque

Answer 16

sticky material composed of fat, cholesterol, and other substances that builds up on the walls of veins or arteries

Question 17

stroke

Answer 17

a sudden halting of blood flow to a portion of the brain, leading to brain damage

Question 18

hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 18

a stroke involving leakage of blood into the brain

Question 19

ischemic stroke

Answer 19

a stroke due to reduced blood supply caused by a clot or severe narrowing of the arteries supplying blood to the brian

Question 20

transient ischemic attack

Answer 20

a “mini-stroke” resulting from temporary blockage of arteries

Question 21

Alzheimers

Answer 21

dementia involving memory loss and other declines in cognitive and adaptive functioning

Question 22

Neurofibrillary tangles

Answer 22

twisted fibers of tau protein found inside the nerve cells of individuals with alzheimer’s disease

Question 23

beta-amyloid plaques

Answer 23

clumps of beta-amyloid proteins found in the spaces between neurons in individuals with Alzheimers

Question 24

Dementia with Lewy bodies

Answer 24

dementia involving visual hallucinations, cognitive fluctuations, and atypical movements

Question 25

frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Answer 25

dementia involving degeneration in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain causing declines in language and behavior

Question 26

parkinson’s disease

Answer 26

a progressive disorder characterized by poorly controlled motor movements sometimes followed by cognitive decline

Question 27

Huntington’s disease

Answer 27

a genetic disease characterized by involuntary twitching movements and eventual dementia

Question 28

dyssomnias

Answer 28

disorders involving abnormalities in the quality, amount, or timing of sleep

Question 29

insomnia disorder

Answer 29

chronic difficulty falling asleep or remaining asleep

Question 30

hyper-somnolence disorder

Answer 30

condition involving difficulty waking up after sleeping and excessive daytime sleepiness or prolonged unrefreshing sleep

Question 31

sleep inertia

Answer 31

significant grogginess and impaired alertness after sleeping or napping

Question 32

obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 32

a breathing-related sleep disorder involving partial or complete upper-airway obstruction

Question 33

circadian rhythm sleep disorder

Answer 33

sleep disturbance due to a disrupted sleep-wake cycle

Question 34

circadian rhythm

Answer 34

internal biological rhythms that influence bodily processes such as the sleep-wake cycle

Question 35

parasomnias

Answer 35

sleep abnormalities occurring during sleep or in the sleep-wake transition

Question 36

sleep terrors

Answer 36

episodes of intense fear that occur during deep sleep

Question 37

nightmare disorder

Answer 37

condition involving frightening dreams that produce awakening

Question 38

REM sleep behavior disorder

Answer 38

condition involving dream related vocalizations and motor behavior that occur during REM sleep