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Neuroblastoma/leukemia/terminal Illness > Neuroblastoma/leukemia/terminal Illness > Flashcards

Neuroblastoma/leukemia/terminal Illness Flashcards

0
Q

What is neuroblastoma

A

Cancer involving specialized nerve cells which are in valves in the dev of the Ns and other tissues

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1
Q

When are most children diagnosed with neuroblastoma

A

Younger than 5

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2
Q

Where doe neuroblastoma most often occur

A

In the adrenal glands in the abdomen

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3
Q

Where can neuroblastoma occur

A 
Adrenal glands
Along spinal cord
In Ns near spine in neck
Chest
Abdomen
Pelvis
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4
Q

Symptoms of neuroblastoma

A 
Loss of appetite
Tired
Pain in bones
Swollen abdomen
High Bp
Difficult breathing and swallowing
Skin with small blue bumps
Weakness and unsteadiness in le
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5
Q

How to diagnosis neuroblastoma

A 
Blood test
Urine test
Bone marrow test
X-ray
Ct
MRI
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6
Q

What is know as staging

A

Finding the exact position of the neuroblastoma to see if it’s spread

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7
Q

Stage 1 neuroblastoma

A

Contained to one area of the body

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8
Q

Stage 2a

A

Cancer localized surgery can’t remove

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9
Q

Stage 2b

A

Cancer localized spread to lymph nodes

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10
Q

Stage 3

A

Cancer spreading to surrounding organs and structures

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11
Q

Stage 4

A

Cancer spreading to distant lymph nodes, bone, bone marrow, liver, skin, other organs

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12
Q

Stage 4s

A

Cancer is localized
Spread to liver spleen skin
Kids less that 1 yo

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13
Q

What is metastatic

A

Cancer spreads to other parts of the body

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14
Q

What is recurrent

A

Cancer comes bake after initial treatment

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15
Q

Treatment of neuroblastoma

A

Surgery-if it hasn’t spread
Chemo-for high risk or have spread
Radiation-high risk and spread to several parts of body

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16
Q

When is chemo usually only needed in neuroblastoma

A

If there are symptoms from the tumor

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17
Q

What is a good risk tumor

Who does it occur in

A

Tumor that hasn’t spread

12-18 months

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18
Q

What may neuroblastoma turn into or do

A

May disappear

Turn into ganglioneuroma

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19
Q

Most children within what age are cured of neuroblastoma

A

Under 12 months

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20
Q

What is the cause of a brain tumor

A

Unknown

Believed to be chromosomal or developmental

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21
Q

How do you diagnose a Brain tumor

A

Ct

MRI

22
Q

What is the first choice when treating a brain tumor

A

Surgery with radiation

23
Q

What is the ultimate goal of brain tumor treatment

A

Eliminate tumor with the fewest st and lt negative side effects

24
Q

What may occur after surgery for a brain tumor

A

Problems like hemiparisis or needing a shunt

25
Q

What is lymphoma

A

Cancer of the spleen and lymph nodes

26
Q

What is the 3rd largest group of childhood cancers reported

A

Lymphoma

27
Q

What are the two types of lymphoma

A

Hodgkins

Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma

28
Q

What is Hodgkin’s disease

A

Cells in the lymphatic system grown abnormally

Presents as painless progressive enlarging lymph node

29
Q

Where is Hodgkin’s usually found first

A

In the neck

30
Q

When do you seen Hodgkin’s

A

Unlikely before 7

Increases in youths until mid 20’s

31
Q

Risk factors of Hodgkin’s

A 
Age: 15-40. 55 more at risk 
Family history 
Sex: males more likely 
Comprised immune system 
Geography: us, canada, Northern Europe more likely. Less common Eastern/Asian countries. 
Socioeconomic status: more in high ses
32
Q

Treatment of Hodgkin’s

A

Chemo
Radiation
Bone marrow transplant
Stem cell transplant

33
Q

Complications in Hodgkin’s due to treatment

A 
Cardiovascular disease
Secondary malignancy 
Vascular disease
Thyroid dysfunction 
Sterility
34
Q

Who is nonhodgkins seen most in

A

3x more in males that females

Most frequent in kids aged 7-10

35
Q

What is nhl caused by

A

Abnormal lymphocytes that continue to grow and divide uncontrollably causing crowding in the lymph nodes which leads to inflammation of lymph nodes

36
Q

Which metastasizes more rapidly and more disorganized

A

NHL

37
Q

Symptoms of nhl

A 
Fever
 Night sweats
Weight loss
Abnormal pain or swelling
 Chest pain 
Extremely itchy skin
38
Q

Risk factors for nhl

A

Immunosuppression
Infections
Chemicals- pesticides may increase chance
Age- 7-10 and 60+ for adults

39
Q

Treatment of nhl

A

Chemo
Radiation
Stem cell transplant

40
Q

What percent of kids get complete remission in nhl from multiple drug chemo

A

80-90

41
Q

Where are osteosarcoma so found

A

In the end of long bones such as the leg or arm

42
Q

Who is osteosarcoma often seen in

A

Teens

43
Q

What happens with treatment of osteosarcoma

A

Rapidly spreads
Resistant to radiation so often amputation followed by chemo
Extensive prosthetic training

44
Q

Where is Edwigs sarcoma found and in who

A

In adolescences

In the bones of the trunk, long bones,and skull

45
Q

Ewing’s sarcoma responds well to

A

Treatment

46
Q

Where does leukemia originate

A

In bone marrow

47
Q

What is the most common cancer in kids

A

Leukemia

48
Q

What is the first type of leukemia

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all)

49
Q

Where do you see acute lymphoblastic leukemia

A

More in boys
Typical bt 3-4
favorable response e to treatment
Symptoms like childhood illness

50
Q

What is the second type of leukemia

A

Acute myelogenous leukemia (aml)

51
Q

When is aml diagnosed
What is the prognosis
What is the diagnosable difference

A

Teen years
Poorer than all
Spongy bleeding gums

52
Q

Ots role in cancer

A 
Rom
Tone
Strengthening
Reteaching ADL/IADL
Fm/gm
Cognitive
Self esteem/coping

Neuroblastoma/leukemia/terminal Illness (5 decks)

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