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Neuroblastoma/leukemia/terminal Illness > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

0
Q

What are congenital limb deficiencies from

A

Teratogens
Metabolic diseases
Congenital constricting bands

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1
Q

How do people get limb deficiencies

A

Traumatic
Pathological
Congenital

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2
Q

Malformation of the hands and feet occur in how many lice births

A

1/600

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3
Q

Amelia

A

Absence of one or more limbs

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4
Q

Phocomelia

A

Limb missing proximal portion

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5
Q

Paradisal deficiency

A

Proximal part of limb developed but medial or lateral side of the limb is missing

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6
Q

Transverse hemimelia

A

Portion of a forearm or hand or part of all the fingers are missing or portion of distal lower extremity

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7
Q

When do dr want to get prosthesis for ue

A

6 months of age

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8
Q

When do drs want to get prostheses for Le

A

12 months

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9
Q

When getting prosthesis consider

A

Terminal device

Growing child

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10
Q

Ot intervention for limb deficiencies

A

Bilateral activities
Teach prosthesis application
ADL skills

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11
Q

What is the name for congenital club foot

A

Talipes equinovarus

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12
Q

What is the incidence for club foot

A

1 to 2 per 1000

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13
Q

Who is club foot more common in

A

Boys rather than girls

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14
Q

What is the cause of club foot

A

Unknown
Could be congenital
Over crowding in uterus

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15
Q

Clinical picture of club foot

A 
Fore foot adduction and supination
Heel varus (turned inward)
Equinus of the ankle (upward bending on ankle) 
Medial deviation of foot
Bones malformed or underdeveloped
Rare paralysis and permanent deformity
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16
Q

Medical management of club foot

A

Taping
Splinting
Casting
Surgery

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17
Q

Congenital club hand

A

Partial of full absence of radius and bowing of ulnar shaft

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18
Q

Fractures are classified by

A

Open or compound
Closed
Green stick
Comminuted

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19
Q

Treatment of fractures

A

Reduction and immobilization

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20
Q

How long do fractures take to heal

A

Infants 2-4 weeks
School aged 6 weeks
Adolescents 8-10 weeks

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21
Q

What is arthrogryposis

A

No progressive condition with multiple joint contractures found throughout the body

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22
Q

How do people kids get amc

A

Decreased fetal movement cfrom connective tissue disorder, inability to move, maternal infection, drug abuse, trauma

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23
Q

Amc affects how many people

A

Boys and girls equally

1 in 3000 births

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24
Q

What does the lifespan of amc depend on

A

Severity of disease

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25
Q

How is amc detected.

How to fix it

A

In utero

Casting splinting Arom prom stretching surgery

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26
Q

What is osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Fragile bones that break easily

27
Q

Other problems in oi

A 
Muscle weakness 
Hearing loss
Fatigue 
Joint laxity
Curved bones
Scoliosis
 Brittle teeth 
Respiratory problems
28
Q

Mild cases of oi fractures

Severe

A

Few fractures

Hundreds fractures

29
Q

How many people get oi

A

1 in 20000

30
Q

What is oi caused by

A

Mutation on a gene causing problems with type 1 collagen formation

31
Q

Oi is not caused by

A

Poor nutrition or too little calcium

32
Q

Oi between males females and ethnicities

A

Equal frequency

33
Q

Most cases of oi are from

A

Inherited

25% have no history

34
Q

How to diagnosis oi

A

Ultrasound

Type 2 apparent less than 20 weeks

35
Q

Oi prognosis

A

Diagnosed in utero: most end in miscarriage
Quality of life difficult to predict
Respiratory failure nots common cause of death
No cure

36
Q

Types of oi

A

Type 1
Type II
Types III
Type IV

37
Q

Type 1 oi

A

Most common
Mild bone fragility, few fractures, minimal limb deformities
Collagen structure normal
Lack fractures at birth

38
Q

Type II oi

A 
Most severe form 
Improperly formed collagen 
Intrauterine fracture common
Sclerae dark blue oR blue gray
Respiratory and swallowing problem
Short limbs small chest soft skills leg like frog
39
Q

Type III

A 
Most severe from if kids live 
Severe bone deformity 
Respiratory swallowing problems 
Short. 
Head not relative to body 
Sclera tinted
40
Q

Type IV oi

A 
Moderately severe 
Fracture range in severity 
Can be diagnosed at birth but often occurs later
Sclera tinted but fade
Adults shorter than average
41
Q

Managing o

A

Avoid activities
Techniques for safe handling and positioning
Energy conservation
Healthy lifestyle

42
Q

Treatment of oi

A 
cast
Splints 
Wraps
Braces
Rods
Meds
Mobility aids
43
Q

What is scoliosis

A

Deformity with lateral curvature of more than 10 degrees

Abnormal curvature of spine

44
Q

Types of scoliosis

A 
Functional scoliosis 
Congenital scoliosis 
Neuromuscular scoliosis 
Syndrome related 
Idiopathic
45
Q

Functional scoliosis

A

Flexible and can be caused by poor posture leg length discrepancy poor postural tone hip contractures or pain

46
Q

Congenital scoliosis

A

Present aT birth. Structure is caused by abnormal spinal or spinal cord structure.

47
Q

Neuromuscular cp

A

Cp oi op

48
Q

Syndrome related scoliosis

A

Marfans

49
Q

85% of scoliosis cases are

A

Idiopathic
Infants .5%
Juvenile 10.5%
Adolescent 89%

50
Q

Symptoms of scoliosis

A 
Uneven shoulders
One shoulder blade more prominent 
Uneven waist 
One hip higher than the other
Leaning to one side
Fatigue
51
Q

Risk factors for scoliosis

A

Girls more likely
Younger
Curves in middle to lower spine less likely to progress
Spinal problems at birth

52
Q

Treatment of scoliosis

A

Surgery if 40-50 degrees
Braces. If 25-40 degrees. Prevent further progression
Underarm
Milwaukee

53
Q

What is jra

A

Joint inflammation and stiffness with symptoms lasting more than 6 weeks

54
Q

When does jra begin. Who does it affect

A

Children less than 16

Usually 2-4 years old. Common in girls

55
Q

Cause of jra

A

Unknown
Maybe predisposed
Maybe triggered by environment

56
Q

How to diagnosis jra

A 
Med history 
X-ray 
Blood test
CBC 
Ana
Bone scans
Bone marrow examination
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
57
Q

What is a CBC

A

Complete blood count. Look at blood cells for abnormalities

58
Q

What is erythrocytes sedimentation rate

A

How rapidly blood cells settle to the bottom of a test tube

59
Q

What is Ana

A

Antinuclear antibody. Detects if there will be eye disease

60
Q

Types of jra

A

Pauciarticular
Polyarticular
Systemic

61
Q

What is pauciarticular jra

A

Affects four or fewer joints.
Few to no systemic malformations
Girls under 8,
Knees hips ankles and elbow often affected
Often affects joints on one side of body
Iridocyclitis-chronic eye inflammation
Positive prognosis

62
Q

Polyarticular jra

A 
Onset at any age
More girls than boys
Five or more joints affected
Small joints of hand, knees, hips, ankles, feet, neck
Symmetrical
63
Q

Systemic jra

A 
Equal male to female 
Onset at any age
Affects whole body
Least common
High fever
Red pale spots
Anemia 
High WBC
64
Q

Treatment of jra 4 areas

A

Control inflammation
relieve pain
Prevent or control joint damage
Maximize functional abilities

65
Q

Treatment of jra

A 
Meds 
ADLs 
Adaptive equipment 
Exercise 
Seating
66
Q

Prognosis of jra

A

Varies
Large percent cover in 1-2 years
About 15% have permanent disabilities

Neuroblastoma/leukemia/terminal Illness (5 decks)

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