Neurobiology Of Emotions

Question 1

The Limbic System

Answer 1

Complex network of brain structures primarily responsible for emotions, motivation,learning, and memory. It is located deep within the brain and includes several key structures

Question 2

Limbic System Main Structures

Answer 2

Amygdala, Hippocampus, Fornix (a tract), Septum, Mammillary bodies

Question 3

Limbic System Main Functions

Answer 3

Regulation of motivated behaviours
Regulation of emotions
Learning and memory

Question 4

The Limbic Circuit

Answer 4

Functions as a feedback loop, with information flowing from the Hippocampus to the mammillary bodies via the fornix, then to the anterior thalami’s nuclei, and finally back to the cingulate cortex and hippocampus. Plays a role in emotional experiences

Question 5

Klüver-Bucy Syndrome

Answer 5

Rare cerebral neurological disorder
Major symptoms- urge to put objects into mouth, memory loss, extreme sexual behaviour, placidity (uysallik), visual distractibility
Results from bilateral damage to anterior temporal lobes (amygdala)

Question 6

The Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 6

Increased heart rate, blood pressure, pupil dilation, blood flow to muscles, respiration, releases of epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal medulla

Question 7

Measures of ANS Activity

Answer 7

Cardiovascular activity such as measuring heart rate, blood pressure, blood volume

Question 8

Polygraphy

Answer 8

Lie detection is really emotion detection

Question 9

Emotional Specificity

Answer 9

Distinct neural circuits and processes associated with different emotions. It suggests that specific emotions (happiness, fear, anger) are associated with unique patterns of neural activity in the brain

Question 10

Emotional Generalization

Answer 10

Tendency for emotional responses to generalize across similar stimuli or situations. Emotional responses elicited by one stimulus may extend to other stimuli that share certain features or characteristics.

Question 11

Jaak Panksepp’s Theory of Seven “Primary Process” Emotions

Answer 11

1. Seeking/Expectancy
   2.Rage/Anger
   3.Fear/Anxiety
   4.Lust/Sexuality
   5.Care/Nurturance
   6.Panic/Separation
   7.Play/Joy

Question 12

Emotions and Facial Expression

Answer 12

Facial expressions have, almost universal meaning

Question 13

Muscles Associated with Facial Expressions

Answer 13

Measured by Electromyography

Question 14

Facial Muscles

Answer 14

Orbicularis oculi and zygomaticus
Corrugator
Levator

Question 15

Orbicularis Oculi and Zygomaticus

Answer 15

Smile

Question 16

Corrugator

Answer 16

Frowning in anger

Question 17

Levator

Answer 17

Grimace of disgust

Question 18

Amy Cuddy and the “Power Pose”

Answer 18

With that powerful pose, does your body feel less stresses
-Don’t know

Question 19

Voluntary Control of Facial Expression

Answer 19

Micro expressions, Duchenne (genuine) smile, Fake Smile/ Pan-Am smile

Question 20

Micro expressions

Answer 20

Brief facial expressions reveal true emotions

Question 21

Duchenne (genuine) smile

Answer 21

The mouth (zygomaticus) and the eyes (orbicularis) are both involved. Smiling with eyes

Question 22

Fake smile/ Pan-Am Smile

Answer 22

Either only the mouth or mouth+ eyes but are delayed
Dead behind the eyes

Question 23

Universality of Facial Expressions

Answer 23

Concept is still topic of debate because as it is;
-Mixed/complex expressions
-Projecting emotions
-Cultural differences
NOTE: Electromomgraphy can’t really tell, what emotions it is

Question 24

Neurobiology of Fear and Agression

Answer 24

Fear, Aggressive Behaviours, Defensive Behaviours

Question 25

Fear

Answer 25

Emotional reaction to threat

Question 26

Aggressive behaviours

Answer 26

Designed to threaten or harm

Question 27

Defensive Behaviours

Answer 27

Designed to protect from threat or harm (motivated by fear)

Question 28

Intentional Homicide rate by Country

Answer 28

Intentionally harming someone else

Question 29

Human Agression

Answer 29

Human aggression is very rare

Question 30

Aggression (Factors Influencing Aggression)

Answer 30

Neurobiological: hormonal, neural,neurochemical

Question 31

Factors Influencing Aggression

Answer 31

Genetic+ epigenetic factors

Question 32

Factors Influencing Aggression

Answer 32

Evolutionary: What behaviours has the animals adapt to survive

Question 33

Factors Influencing Aggression

Answer 33

Developmental: family, socialization: social groups

Question 34

Factors Influencing Aggression

Answer 34

Cognitive characteristics: individual experience

Question 35

Factors Influencing Aggression

Answer 35

Situational: cultural, sociology-economic : calm person could go off when watching a football

Question 36

Why are we not always aggressive?

Answer 36

Several factors mechanism can inhibit aggression, including biological, psychological,social,and environmental factors

Question 37

Interspecific Aggression

Answer 37

Aggressive behaviours between individuals or groups of different species. Neurobiological terms, underlying mechanisms; aggression may involve brain structures and neurotransmitter systems that regulate territoriality, dominance, and competition across species boundaries

Question 38

Infraspecific aggression

Answer 38

refers to aggression within a single species. Neurobiologically, dominance hierarchies, territorial defence, and mate competition within species.

Question 39

Offensive (Saldirgan)

Answer 39

Predatory: Actions and strategies employed by predators to capture, kill, and consume their prey(kurban)
Behaviours: involves stalking, chasing, and capturing prey often followed by killing

Question 40

Defensive (savunan)

Answer 40

Antipredatory:strategies and tactics employed by prey animals to avoid or defend against predation
Behaviours: Hiding, camouflage, alarm calls, and formation of groups for protection.

Question 41

Intraspecific, defensive, maternal

Answer 41

Mama bear defending or trying to preserve (korumak) her children