Friday March 15 Lecture

Question 1

Territorial Aggression

Answer 1

Individual or a group aggression or hostility towards others who intrude (izinsiz giriş) upon or encroach (tecavuz etmek) upon their territory. Animals mark and defend territories to secure resources like food,mates, and shelter. Birds with vocalizations

Question 2

Behavioural Patterns of Intraspecific Aggression

Answer 2

Overt, ritualized

Question 3

Overt Agression

Answer 3

Outburst of anger resulted in physical actions
Bite pattern can indicate nature of the aggression
Sometimes where the animal targets you can see if they are defensive or offensive if they do not wish to get any harm they will attack the areas where they expect to get harm at

Question 4

Dorsal/Posterior

Answer 4

Offensive not damaging

Question 5

Ventral

Answer 5

Defensive pretty damaging

Question 6

Dominance/Submission Postures

Answer 6

Female mice, just pushing each other to kinda of like prove who is dominant
Still exhibiting issues, without physically harming each other
Physical posture: dominance

Question 7

Ritualized Territorial/competitive displays

Answer 7

Physical Signals, varies from species to species.
Bird, signalling how good of a male they are
Birds again, competing for mate
Lions or other wild animals, leaving mark that shows, that’s their territory

Question 8

Indirect Aggression

Answer 8

Criticizing someone’s appearance, spreading rumours, social exclusion
Most common in woman
Higher estradiol levels, woman were harsher for rating appearance of others (high aggression levels also)
Intrasexual competition strategy

Question 9

Kondrad Lorenz’s Psychohydraulic Model of Aggression

Answer 9

Build-up energy outbursts

Question 10

Model Explained

Answer 10

How aggression builds up and is eventually released. Innate (dogustan) and instinctual nature of aggression in animals

Question 11

Innate Aggressive Energy

Answer 11

Animals possess an innate reservoir or aggressive energy, akin to hydraulic pressure in a closed system. This energy arises that drives animals for social dominance, defend territories etc.

Question 12

Accumulation (birikim) of Aggressive Energy

Answer 12

Like water pressure building up in a closed container, aggressive energy accumulates within an animal over time. This buildup occurs through various triggers and stimuli

Question 13

Threshold for Release

Answer 13

Just as a hydraulic system has a threshold at which pressure triggers a release, animals have a threshold level of accumulated aggression that prompts them to engage in aggressive behaviour

Question 14

Release of Aggression

Answer 14

When accumulated aggressive energy surpasses the threshold, it is discharged through aggressive actions. These actions may include displays of dominance

Question 15

Catharsis and Resolution

Answer 15

Aggressive behaviour serves to reduce the buildup energy, much like releasing pressure in a hydraulic system. Once the aggression is discharged animal may experience sense of catharsis relief, temporary resolution of tension

Question 16

Evidence from Fish Behaviour

Answer 16

Cichlids, Sticklebacks

Question 17

Cichlids Isolation-induced aggression

Answer 17

Aggression increases in isolated pairs, if the fish is isolated from other male fish, the male attacks female to take out the aggression

Question 18

Sticklebacks
Stimulus-induced aggression

Answer 18

The specific stimulus “ release” was identified as red belly
The fish was presented with fake fish looking things but that had red belly and he has attacked them

Question 19

Konrad Loren’z Model

Answer 19

Aggression is inevitable (kacinilmaz), the accumulating energy must find an outlet
Aggression come out in little burst or big burst but the pressure will come out
Humans and animal relieve the tension and look for fights

Question 20

The General Aggression Model

Answer 20

To test whether the aggression was really necessary
What will happen if the aggression comes out
What made that aggression

Question 21

Functional View of Anger and Aggression

Answer 21

Heather Lench - the name not important

Question 22

Heather Lench

Answer 22

Studied what is anger for?
If aggression is present it will lead to being productive and achieve goals- the presence of challenge

Question 23

Pankepp’s Primary Process Emotions

Answer 23

True and real anger only comes in Competitive and Territorial in Intraspecific

Question 24

Aggression in Laboratory Rodents

Answer 24

Intruder test, dominance, competition for resources, shock-induced fighting

Question 25

Intruder test

Answer 25

Bringing new animals to their environments and animals will be like who is this in our area, aggressive towards them

Question 26

Dominance

Answer 26

It usually occurs when the animals are familiar with each other, some type of hierarchy occurred
Two mice placed in a open ended tube, whoever forces each other will come out first

Question 27

Shock-Induced Fighting

Answer 27

With a shock they kinda create fake initiate of fighting like you do something to the mice and it contuines to attack as if it happened to carry on with the fight