Neuroanatomy Refresher

Question 1

Brainstem

Answer 1

• Autonomic processes

* Sends information to PNS

Question 2

Cerebellum

Answer 2

• Balance
• Muscle coordination
• Posture

Question 3

Cerebrum

Answer 3

• Sensory perception
• Information processing
• Memory and Learning
• Decision-Making
• Emotions

two hemispheres, higher functions and fine movements. Fills most of the upper part of the skull. Talk, think, read

Question 4

Midbrain

Answer 4

allows messages to be relayed for sight and hearing

Question 5

Medulla oblongota

Answer 5

connects brain to spinal cord. controls breathing, HR, vomiting

Question 6

cerebral cortex

Answer 6

surface grey matter. White matter is under the service.

Question 7

Cerebrum divided into what and what

Answer 7

• Two hemispheres connected by corpus callosum

• Four lobes
• Frontal
• Parietal
• Occipital
• Temporal

Question 8

Frontal Lobe

Answer 8

behavior and emotions. Personality. Planning, problem solving, judgement. Executive functions. Intelligence, concentration, awareness.

Question 9

Parietal Lobe

Answer 9

Language, words, sensory, touch, pain, temperature, interpret signals we get from seeing, touching, hearing etc.

Question 10

Occipital Lobe

Answer 10

Vision. Color, light, Movement

Question 11

Temporal Lobe

Answer 11

Interprets language. Contains Wernicke’s area

Question 12

Wernicke’s area

Answer 12

in temporal lobe, written sand spoken language comprehension

Question 13

Broca’s area

Answer 13

Frontal lobe. Muscles of speech

Question 14

Diencephalon holds the

Answer 14

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 15

Thalamus

Answer 15

small structure, near brainstem, has extensive nerve connection to cerebral cortex and midbrain. Relays motor and sponsor signals to cerebral cortex.

Question 16

Hypothalamus is important for

Answer 16

appetitive, sleep, regulating body temp, regulating emotions and BP. Also plays in important role in relapsing hormones.

Question 17

Pituitary gland

Answer 17

attached to hypothalamus and receives messages from it and pituitary gland releases hormones. Part of the endocrine system.

Question 18

Amygdala and Hippocampus are part of the

Answer 18

limbic system. the part of the brain that is involved in our behaviors that are needed for survival. Behavioral and emotional response. Feeding, reproduction, caring for our young. Flight or fight.

Question 19

Amygdala

Answer 19

• Fear, “Fight or flight”
• Emotional responses
• Memory
• Hormonal secretions

Question 20

Hippocampus

Answer 20

• Memory
• Learning
• Spatial awareness

Question 21

Ventricles and

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 21

• Network of cavities in the brain.
• 4 Ventricles
• CSF protects and suspends the brain
• Removes waste and toxins
• Regulates nutrients and neurochemicals

Question 22

Meninges

Answer 22

Protect central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
• 3 membrane layers
• Dura –outer layer
• Arachnoid- middle layer
• Pia- Inner layer

Question 23

Grey Matter

Answer 23

neuron cell bodies and synapses.

Question 24

White Matter

Answer 24

long neuronal bodies covered by a fatty sheath called myelin. Insulates the axons

Question 25

Neruotransmission

Answer 25

Released at the axon terminal on the presynaptic dendrite then bind to the receptors of the post synaptic neuron. Synthesis of neurotransmitters can occur in the cell body, axon, or axon terminal. They are stored in granules or vesicles in axon terminal. When calcium enters the axon terminal and causes an action potential and releases neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft. They then bind to the post synaptic membrane and cause activation. Neurotransmitter is then deactivated either by enzymatic breakdown or by reuptake.

Question 26

Monoamines

Answer 26

Serotonin Norepinephrine Dopamine

Question 27

Serotonin

Answer 27

Regulation of mood, sleep, anxiety, appetite, NV

Question 28

Norepinephrine

Answer 28

Fight or flight, blood pressure, alertness, energy

Question 29

Dopamine

Answer 29

Reward system, addiction, feel good chemical

Question 30

Acetylcholine

Answer 30

motor neurons, muscle moment, memory and learning. Acetylcholine and dopamine have a reciprocal relationship.

Question 31

Glutamate and Gaba

Answer 31

are opposite

Question 32

Glutamate

Answer 32

excitatory functions, memory and learning. too much will cause cellular death.

Question 33

Gaba is

Answer 33

inhibitory. Important roll in anxiety.