Neuroanatomy Refresher Flashcards
Brainstem
- Autonomic processes
* Sends information to PNS
Cerebellum
- Balance
- Muscle coordination
- Posture
Cerebrum
- Sensory perception
- Information processing
- Memory and Learning
- Decision-Making
- Emotions
two hemispheres, higher functions and fine movements. Fills most of the upper part of the skull. Talk, think, read
Midbrain
allows messages to be relayed for sight and hearing
Medulla oblongota
connects brain to spinal cord. controls breathing, HR, vomiting
cerebral cortex
surface grey matter. White matter is under the service.
Cerebrum divided into what and what
• Two hemispheres connected by corpus callosum
- Four lobes
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Temporal
Frontal Lobe
behavior and emotions. Personality. Planning, problem solving, judgement. Executive functions. Intelligence, concentration, awareness.
Parietal Lobe
Language, words, sensory, touch, pain, temperature, interpret signals we get from seeing, touching, hearing etc.
Occipital Lobe
Vision. Color, light, Movement
Temporal Lobe
Interprets language. Contains Wernicke’s area
Wernicke’s area
in temporal lobe, written sand spoken language comprehension
Broca’s area
Frontal lobe. Muscles of speech
Diencephalon holds the
thalamus and hypothalamus
Thalamus
small structure, near brainstem, has extensive nerve connection to cerebral cortex and midbrain. Relays motor and sponsor signals to cerebral cortex.
Hypothalamus is important for
appetitive, sleep, regulating body temp, regulating emotions and BP. Also plays in important role in relapsing hormones.
Pituitary gland
attached to hypothalamus and receives messages from it and pituitary gland releases hormones. Part of the endocrine system.
Amygdala and Hippocampus are part of the
limbic system. the part of the brain that is involved in our behaviors that are needed for survival. Behavioral and emotional response. Feeding, reproduction, caring for our young. Flight or fight.
Amygdala
- Fear, “Fight or flight”
- Emotional responses
- Memory
- Hormonal secretions
Hippocampus
- Memory
- Learning
- Spatial awareness
Ventricles and
Cerebrospinal fluid
- Network of cavities in the brain.
- 4 Ventricles
- CSF protects and suspends the brain
- Removes waste and toxins
- Regulates nutrients and neurochemicals
Meninges
Protect central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) • 3 membrane layers • Dura –outer layer • Arachnoid- middle layer • Pia- Inner layer
Grey Matter
neuron cell bodies and synapses.
White Matter
long neuronal bodies covered by a fatty sheath called myelin. Insulates the axons
Neruotransmission
Released at the axon terminal on the presynaptic dendrite then bind to the receptors of the post synaptic neuron.
Synthesis of neurotransmitters can occur in the cell body, axon, or axon terminal. They are stored in granules or vesicles in axon terminal.
When calcium enters the axon terminal and causes an action potential and releases neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft. They then bind to the post synaptic membrane and cause activation.
Neurotransmitter is then deactivated either by enzymatic breakdown or by reuptake.
Monoamines
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Regulation of mood, sleep, anxiety, appetite, NV
Norepinephrine
Fight or flight, blood pressure, alertness, energy
Dopamine
Reward system, addiction, feel good chemical
Acetylcholine
motor neurons, muscle moment, memory and learning.
Acetylcholine and dopamine have a reciprocal relationship.
Glutamate and Gaba
are opposite
Glutamate
excitatory functions, memory and learning. too much will cause cellular death.
Gaba is
inhibitory. Important roll in anxiety.
