Neuroanatomy quiz: Sheep Brain Flashcards
Cranial nerves mostly emerge from and enter ——-
the brain stem
The cranial nerves vs spinal cord:
Similar structure and function to spinal cord. More complex regulatory systems.
Nerve I (3)
Name + type + function
- Olfactory
- Sensory
- smell
Nerve II (3)
Name + type + function
- Optic
- Sensory
- visoin
Nerve III (3)
Name + type + function
- Oculomotor
- motor
- extraocular muscles (not all_
Nerve IV (3)
Name + type + function
- Trochlear
- Motor
- superior oblique muscle
Nerve V (3)
Name + type + function
- Trigeminal
- Mixed
- (S): Face and mouth
(M): Mastication
Nerve VI (3)
Name + type + function
- Abducens
- Motor
- Lateral Rectus Muscle
Nerve VII (3)
Name + type + function
- Facial
- Mixed
- (S): Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue, skin of ear
(M): Muscles used for facial expression
(A): Salivary/Lacrimal glands, cerebral vasculature
Nerve VIII (3)
Name + type + function
- Vestibulocochlear
- Sensory
- Hearing and sense of motion
Nerve IX (3)
Name + type + function
- Glossopharyngeal
- Mixed
- (S): Taste from post. 1/3 of tongue, posterior palate
(M): Stylopharyngeus muscle (elevates larynx and pharynx)
(A): Parotid Gland
Nerve X (3)
Name + type + function
- Vagus
- Mixed
- (S): Sensation from pharynx, larynx, thoracic, abdominal organs
(M): Striated muscles of larynx and pharynx
(A): Gastrointestinal, pulmonary, cardiovascular systems
Nerve XI (3)
Name + type + function
- (Spinal) accessory
- Motor
- Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid Muscles
Nerve XII (3)
Name + type + function
- Hypoglossal
- Motor
- Intrinsic muscles of the tongue
Olfactory (I)
Dysfunction + Clinical examination
- Anosmia: Loss of sense of smell
- Various odors applied to each nostril
Optic (II)
Dysfunction + Clinical examination
- Anopsia: Loss of vision
- Visual acuity, map visual field
Oculomotor (III)
Dysfunction + Clinical examination
- Double vision, large pupil, dropping eyelid
- Pupillary reaction to light, medial/verticle reaction to light
Trochlear (IV)
Dysfunction + Clinical examination
- Double vision
- Downward/inward eye movement
Trigeminal (V)
Dysfunction + Clinical examination
- Numbness of face, pain, weak jaw muscles
- Touching skin of face, touching cornea, tapping chin
Abducens (VI)
Dysfunction + Clinical examination
- Double vision
- Lateral movement of eye
Facial (VII)
Dysfunction + Clinical examination
- Facial paralysis, no taste on anterior 1/3 of tongue
- Facial movement and expression, test for taste
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Dysfunction + Clinical examination
- Deafness, tinnitus, disorientation
- Audiogram, caloric test
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Dysfunction + Clinical examination
- pain in post. Pharynx fall in blood pressure
- Test tastes on tongue, touch walls of pharynx (gag reflex)
Vagus (X)
Dysfunction + Clinical examination
- Hoarseness, poor swallowing, no gag reflex
- Observe palate during speech, touch palate (partial reflex)
(Spinal) Accessory (XI)
Dysfunction + Clinical examination
- Weakened head rotation, can’t shrug
- Strength, bulk, movement of neck and shoulder muscles
Hypoglossal (XII)
Dysfunction + Clinical examination
- Wasting of tongue, deviation to affected side
- Tongue movement, tremor, wasting or wrinkling
The brain is prganized into functionally specific areas. What differentiates areas are (2):
- The number of neurons
- The types of neurons
Broadmann (4)
What + method + used + areas
- Identified areas based on neuron types
- Cytoarchitectonic method
- Used Nissl stain which stains cell bodies
- Identified 52 ares
What is the 3 axes of refrerence?
- Rostral- Caudal
- Dorsal-Ventral
- Medial-Lateral
Dorsal/Ventral is also known as:
Superior/Inferior
Rostral meaning:
Anterior
Caudal meaning:
Posterior
Contralateral/Ipsilateral
- Opposite side (hemisphere) and same side
- Bilateral/unilateral
- Ipsilateral means on the same side of the body, while contralateral means on the opposite side of the body
Parasagital plane:
The parasagittal plane is an anatomical term used to describe any vertical plane parallel to the sagittal plane, which divides the body into unequal left and right parts
caudal supraslyvian
The posterior fourth gyrus. After ectomarginal
Interpeduncular fossa location and markings:
Depression under mamillary body and optic chaism
Lateral and medial geniculate body location
Dorsal hippocampal comissure
right bside hippocampus
Superior and inferior colliculus
rhinal fissure
Fornix
coronal: Optic chaism intact section starts as the column of fornix and spreads to the C shape body as u go back and at mamillary slide coronal its at the bottom.
Septal nuclei
Internal, external and extreme capsule and putamen
putamen is considered grey matter in the brain
