Neuroanatomy quiz: Human brain Flashcards
Central sulcus
The central sulcus is a groove in the brain that separates the frontal and parietal lobes. Goes through both hemispheres.
Sylvian/lateral Fissures
The lateral sulcus is a deep fissure in each hemisphere that separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe.
Gyrus/gyri difference from sulci
Gyrus is a ridge on the surface of the brain. Each ridge is surrounded by fissures known as sulci (singular: sulcus).
The largest part of the human brain is the cerebrum. It is divided into two large, separate hemispheres: one on the left side and the other on the right. The hemispheres are connected by bundles of nerve fibers that carry information from one side of your brain to the other. The largest of these bundles forms a bridge between the cerebral hemispheres and is called the ——.
corpus callosum
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
ontop cerebellum
Temporal lobe
Limbic lobe (2)
what it contains + general location
The limbic system is the part of the brain involved in our behavioural and emotional responses.
located lateral to the thalamus, beneath the cerebral cortex, and above the brainstem
The frontal lobe is separated from the parietal lobe by a space called the ——, and from the temporal lobe by the —–.
- central sulcus
- lateral fissure
The parietal lobe is behind the —-, separated by the —-. Areas in the parietal lobe are responsible for integrating sensory information, including touch, temperature, pressure and pain.
- frontal lobe
- central sulcus
Boundaries of the occipital lobe
The boundaries of the occipital lobe have been arbitrarily defined, giving it a triangular shape. It sits posterior to the temporal lobe and parietal lobes, underlying the occipital bone and overlying the tentorium cerebelli. The parieto-occipital sulcus is at the division between the parietal and occipital lobes
Precentral Gyrus
What + where
Motor
The parieto-occipital sulcus
Locate the frontal, temporal, limbic, occipital and parietal lobes:
What is 1,2,3,11 and 12?
1 = Olfactory nerve (CNI)
2= Optic nerve (CN II)
3= Optic chaism
11 = mamillary body
12= Basilary artery
Postcentral gyrus (2)
What + where
The postcentral gyrus receives and integrates sensory information relating to touch, pain, temperature, vibration, proprioception and movement. The postcentral gyrus forms the primary somatosensory cortex (Brodmann’s areas 3,1,2). It is located on the parietal lobe, immediately posterior to the central sulcus.
The 3 meningeal layers:
- Dura: Outermost layer, connected to the skull
- Arachnoid: attaches tightly to the inner dural layer
- Pia: Innermost layer, attaches tightly to the brain, following gyri and sulci
Dural layers:
- Composed of two layers that are fused except in certain places where the innermost layer creates folds known as dural reflections
Periosteal layer and Meningeal layer
Arachnoid granulations
Speacialized portion of arachnoid that protrude into the superior sagittal sinus, they are involved in the reabsorption of CSF.
Real space vs potential space
Epidural space
Potential space between the skull and periosteal layer of dura
Subdural space
Potential space between the dura and arachnoid
Subarachnoid space
Real space between the arachnoid and pia. This space is filled with CSF.
Epidural hematoma (3)
What is it + radiological appearance + symptoms
- There are meningeal arteries that run in the epidural space. These arteries branch off the external carotid arteries and supply the dura. The potential epidural space becomes a real space via a bleed from a meningeal artery resulting in a epidural hematoma.
Subdural Hematoma (4)
What + radiological appearance + type (2)
- Bridging veins drain the cerebral hemispheres and traverse the subdural space on their way to large dural venous sinuses. When shearing force are applied to the head, bridging veins can rupture creating a real subdural space. This results in a venous hemorrhage in the subdural space and generally a slow developing subdural hematoma.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (4)
- This real space contains the cerebrospinal fluid and major arteries / veins on the surface of the brain. The vessels are suspended within the arachnoid trabeculae, connective tissue strands connecting the arachnoid and pia mater. Rupture of an arterial aneurysm (a localized, abnormal bulging or dilation of a blood vessel wall), releasing blood into the subarachnoid space, is called a subarachnoid hemorrhage.
List the meningeal layer and space from most superior to inferior (9):
Which space is real?
Cingulate gyrus
The cingulate gyrus is a component of the limbic system, consisting of a curved fold covering the corpus callosum (a bundle of nerve fibers connecting the right and left cerebral hemispheres).
Superior temporal gyrus
The superior temporal gyrus houses the auditory cortex, which processes sounds through precisely mapped sound frequencies.
Intraventricular foramen
Communication between lateral and 3rd ventricle
Cerebral aqueduct
How does the CSF flow?
From the lateral ventricles through the intraventricular foramen to the 3rd ventricle to the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle. Fourth ventricle has median and lateral apertures. Those aperture communicates CSF to the subarchanoid space. The subarachnoid space flows all around the brain to the arachnoid granulations that filter CSF from subarachnoid space to the superior sagittal sinus then to blood.
Forebrain (3)
Forebrain can be organized into:
1. Telecephalon: Cerebral hemispheres + deep structures
2. Diecephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, deep structures
Locate the five lobe and central and PO sulcus:
Grey vs White matter
brain and spinal cord + difference
What are the different types of brain volume increase and what can they cause?
Falx cerebri
Tentorium cerebelli
location + what it does
