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PAST QUESTIONS (ANATOMY) > Neuroanatomy Pq > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Pq Flashcards

1
Q

1) The falx cerebri, which is between the 2 cerebral hemisphere has 2 ends.
1. Anterior end attached to ____________

and

  1. Posterior end to _______________
A
  1. crista galli

and

  1. upper surface of tentorium.
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2
Q

1) The falx cerebri, which is between the 2 cerebral hemisphere has 2 ends.
1. Anterior end attached to ____________

and

  1. Posterior end to _______________
A
  1. crista galli

and

  1. upper surface of tentorium.
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3
Q

2) The falx cerebri encloses venous channels which are:
1.
2.

3.

Mnemonic: Ss Is S

A
  1. Superior sagittal sinus
  2. Inferior sagittal sinus
  3. Straight sinuses
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4
Q

3) What is the function of meningeal dural folds: to _________________________________________

A

minimize rotatory displacement of the brain, preventing concussion.

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5
Q

4) Meningeal layer of the dura mater continues as __________

A

spinal dura

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6
Q

5) The arachnoid and pia mater together makes up _____________

A

leptomeninges

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7
Q

6) The tentorial notch is occupied by ________ and ________ of the cerebellum

A

midbrain and vermis

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8
Q

7) The margins of the tentorium cerebelli attaches to the __________ and __________ posteriolaterally and

the ____________ and ___________anteriolaterally.

A

occipital and parietal bone

petrous temporal bone and clinoid process

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9
Q

8) The sinus found in the tentorium cerebelli are
i.
ii.

(NOTE: it also has the meckel’s cave which contains trigeminal ganglion).

Mneomonic: T SP - Sinus

A

i. Transverse sinus

ii. Superior petrosal sinuses

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10
Q

9) Falx cerebelli encloses the

i. ______________.

A

occipital sinus

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11
Q

10) _______________ forms the roof of the hypophyseal cerebri.

A

Diaphragma sellae

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12
Q

11) _______________ joins the inferior sagittal sinus with the superior sagittal sinus to form the straight sinus

A

The great cerebral vein

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13
Q

12) Venous channels of dura mater receive blood from ______, _______, and _______.

A

skull, meninges and brain

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14
Q

13) Venous channels communicate with veins outside the skull via ______________ .

A

emissary veins

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15
Q

14) The superior cerebral veins drain into the ________________.

Mnemonic: Ss

A

superior sagittal sinus

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16
Q

15) The inferior cerebral veins terminate in the ___________, ______________, and ____________

Mnemonic: C, Sp, T - sinus

A

cavernous, superior petrosal and transverse sinuses.

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17
Q

16) Anterior cerebral veins terminate in the ___________

A

basal vein.

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18
Q
  1. Internal cerebral veins unite to form the ______1_________ , which terminate in the ______2_________
A

great cerebral veins,

straight sinus.

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19
Q

18) Basal vein is formed by the union of ____________, _____________, and ___________.

Its tributaries are small veins from the midbrain and parahippocampal gryus.

A

deep middle cerebral,

anterior cerebral

striate veins

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20
Q

18) Basal vein is formed by the union of deep middle cerebral, anterior cerebral and striate veins.

Its tributaries are small veins from the _________ and ________________

A

midbrain and parahippocampal gryus.

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21
Q

19) The superior and posterior surface of the cerebellum are drained by:
i. _____________

and

ii. ____________
Mnemonic: S, T sinus

While

the inferior surface is drained by:

i.
ii.
iii.

Mnemonic: Ip, Si, O - sinus

A

i. Straight sinus
ii. Transverse sinuses.

while

i. Inferior petrosal sinus
ii. Sigmoid sinus
iii. Occipital sinuses.

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22
Q

20) The midbrain is drained by __________

Pons by the ____________ and ___________

While

The Medulla is drained by the ____________ dorsally and ________________ ventrally.

A

basal vein,

inferior petrosal sinus and basilar plexus of veins.

occipital sinus and basilar plexus of veins

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23
Q

21) Cavernous sinus is located in the _________________ , beside body of sphenoid.

A

middle cranial fossa

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24
Q

22) Cavernous sinus extends by the medial end of _______________ anteriorly and apex of _____________ posteriorly.

A

superior orbital fissure (anteriorly)

petrous temporal bone (Posteriorly)

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25
Q

2) The falx cerebri encloses venous channels which are:
1.
2.

3.

Mnemonic: Ss Is S

A
  1. Superior sagittal sinus
  2. Inferior sagittal sinus
  3. Straight sinuses
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26
Q

3) What is the function of meningeal dural folds: to _________________________________________

A

minimize rotatory displacement of the brain, preventing concussion.

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27
Q

4) Meningeal layer of the dura mater continues as __________

A

spinal dura

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28
Q

5) The arachnoid and pia mater together makes up _____________

A

leptomeninges

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29
Q

6) The tentorial notch is occupied by ________ and ________ of the cerebellum

A

midbrain and vermis

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30
Q

7) The margins of the tentorium cerebelli attaches to the __________ and __________ posteriolaterally and

the ____________ and ___________anteriolaterally.

A

occipital and parietal bone

petrous temporal bone and clinoid process

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31
Q

8) The sinus found in the tentorium cerebelli are
i.
ii.

(NOTE: it also has the meckel’s cave which contains trigeminal ganglion).

Mneomonic: T SP - Sinus

A

i. Transverse sinus

ii. Superior petrosal sinuses

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32
Q

9) Falx cerebelli encloses the

i. ______________.

A

occipital sinus

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33
Q

10) _______________ forms the roof of the hypophyseal cerebri.

A

Diaphragma sellae

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34
Q

11) _______________ joins the inferior sagittal sinus with the superior sagittal sinus to form the straight sinus

A

The great cerebral vein

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35
Q

12) Venous channels of dura mater receive blood from ______, _______, and _______.

A

skull, meninges and brain

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36
Q

13) Venous channels communicate with veins outside the skull via ______________ .

A

emissary veins

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37
Q

14) The superior cerebral veins drain into the ________________.

Mnemonic: Ss

A

superior sagittal sinus

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38
Q

15) The inferior cerebral veins terminate in the ___________, ______________, and ____________

Mnemonic: C, Sp, T - sinus

A

cavernous, superior petrosal and transverse sinuses.

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39
Q

16) Anterior cerebral veins terminate in the ___________

A

basal vein.

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40
Q
  1. Internal cerebral veins unite to form the ______1_________ , which terminate in the ______2_________
A

great cerebral veins,

straight sinus.

41
Q

18) Basal vein is formed by the union of ____________, _____________, and ___________.

Its tributaries are small veins from the midbrain and parahippocampal gryus.

A

deep middle cerebral,

anterior cerebral

striate veins

42
Q

18) Basal vein is formed by the union of deep middle cerebral, anterior cerebral and striate veins.

Its tributaries are small veins from the _________ and ________________

A

midbrain and parahippocampal gryus.

43
Q

19) The superior and posterior surface of the cerebellum are drained by:
i. _____________

and

ii. ____________
Mnemonic: S, T sinus

While

the inferior surface is drained by:

i.
ii.
iii.

Mnemonic: Ip, Si, O - sinus

A

i. Straight sinus
ii. Transverse sinuses.

while

i. Inferior petrosal sinus
ii. Sigmoid sinus
iii. Occipital sinuses.

44
Q

20) The midbrain is drained by __________

Pons by the ____________ and ___________

While

The Medulla is drained by the ____________ dorsally and ________________ ventrally.

A

basal vein,

inferior petrosal sinus and basilar plexus of veins.

occipital sinus and basilar plexus of veins

45
Q

21) Cavernous sinus is located in the _________________ , beside body of sphenoid.

A

middle cranial fossa

46
Q

22) Cavernous sinus extends by the medial end of _______________ anteriorly and apex of _____________ posteriorly.

A

superior orbital fissure (anteriorly)

petrous temporal bone (Posteriorly)

47
Q

23) Structures in the cavernous sinus laterally include:
1.

6.

7.

. Structures in the center include: Internal carotid artery and CN XI.

Mnemonic: ICA, CN III IV Vi Vii VI and Sym P

A
  1. INTERNAL CAROTID A
  2. OCCULOMOTOR N (CNIII)
  3. TROCHLEAR
  4. OPTHALMIC DIVISION OF TRIGEMINAL N ( LACRIMAL, FRONTAL, NASOCILLIARY)
  5. MAXILLARY DIVISION OF TRIGERMINAL N
  6. ABDUCENT N
  7. SYMPATHETIC PLEXUS
48
Q

24) Arachnoid mater is separated from the dura mater by ___________ and it is separated from pia mater by _____________.

A

subspace dural, subarachnoid space

49
Q

26) The central canal of the spinal cord continues upward into the lower half of the medulla; in the upper half of the medulla, it expands as the ________________________

A

cavity of the fourth ventricle.

50
Q

27) On the posterior aspect of the medulla oblongata on each side of the median sulus are enlongated swellings. What are the swellings and what makes up the swellings?

A

Gracile tubercule made by gracile nucleus and cuneate tubercle made by cuneate nucleus.

51
Q

28) In the groove between the pons and the medulla, what nerves emerges from medial to lateral?

A

Abducent, facial and vestibulocochlear nerves.

52
Q

(29) Olivary complex consists of what nuclei?

A

Inferior olivary, dorsal accessory olivary and medial accessory olivary nuclei.

53
Q

30) _____________ connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle.

A

Cerebral aqueduct

54
Q

31) In the groove between the pyramid and the olive emerge the rootless of the _________________

A

hypoglossal nerve.

55
Q

32) CN VIII, CN IX, CN X and CN XII nuclei are located on the _________.

A

medulla

56
Q

33) The olives are oval elevations produced by the underlying ______________________.

A

inferior olivary nucleus olives

57
Q

34) Lesion in the vicinity of cerebral peduncle of the midbrain causes?

A

Oculomotor paralysis and hemiplegia of the opposite side.

58
Q

35) What is the venous drainage of the midbrain?

A

Basal veins and great cerebral veins

59
Q

36) On the posterior view of the pons, the inferior end of the medial eminence is slightly expanded to form the?

A

Facial colliculus (NOTE: Facial colliculus comprises of abducent and facial nerves).

60
Q

37) CN XI arises from the?

A

From spinal cord (C1to C5).

61
Q

38) The posterior surface of the superior half of the medulla forms the lower part of the?

A

Floor of the 4th ventricle.

62
Q

39) _________________ and its nucleus are situated on the anteromedial aspect of the inferior cerebellar peduncle in a cross section of the medulla at the level just inferior to the pons.
of

A

Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve

63
Q

40) The inferior colliculus is known as the?

A

Lower auditory center.

64
Q

________ is the posterior part of the midbrain posterior to the cerebral aqueduct.

A

Tectum

65
Q

42) What are the nuclei seen in a cross section of the medulla at the level just inferior to the pons?

A

Lateral vestibular and cochlear nuclei.

66
Q

____________ consisting of a diffuse mixture of nerve fibers and small groups of nerve cells, is deeply placed posterior to the olivary nucleus and it is found in the midbrains, pons and medulla.

A

Reticular formation

67
Q

44) The pons has a shallow groove in the midline called ____________.

________ lodges the groove

A

basilar groove. The basilar artery

68
Q

__________ nerve rises from the anterolateral surface of the pons and each nerve consist of a smaller, medial part known as the _______and a larger, lateral part, known as the ____________

A

Trigeminal nerve,

motor root,

sensory root.

69
Q

46) What is the pathway for medial lemniscus at the decussation of the lemnisci?

A

The medial lemniscus forms a flattened tract on each side of the midline posterior to the pyramid. These fibers emerge from the decussation of the lemnisci and convey sensory information to the thalamus.

70
Q

47) What structure connects the superior colliculus to the lateral geniculate body?

A

Superior brachium.

71
Q

48) What nerve emerges from the groove on the side of the crus cerebri and pass forward in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus?

A

Oculomotor nerve.

72
Q

49) What are the nuclei of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Mesencephalic, principal sensory and spinal nuclei

73
Q

50) What structure connects the inferior colliculus to the medial geniculate body?

A

Inferior brachium.

74
Q

51) What is the blood supply (arterial) to the midbrain?

A

Posterior cerebral, superior cerebellar arteries and basilar artery.

75
Q

52) Vestibular complex consists of what 4 nuclei?

A

Superior vestibular, inferior vestibular, lateral vestibular, inferior vestibular nuclei

76
Q

53) Posterolateral to the pyramids are the?

A

Olives.

77
Q

54) What are the internal structures seen and nuclei seen in a cross section of the medulla at the level of decussation of the lemnisci (sensory)

A

nucleus gracilis, nucleus cuneatus, spinal nucleus of CN V, accessory nucleus (cranial part) and hypoglossal nucleus.

78
Q

On the anterior surface of the midbrain, there is a deep depression in the midline called the?

A

Interpeduncular fossa.

79
Q

56) The superior colliculus is known as the center for?

A

Visual reflexes.

80
Q

In the cerebellum,

a. There is a one to one relationship between mossy fibres and purkinje cells
b. Climbing fibers terminate on the dendrites of purkinje cells
c. Axons of granule cells ramify mainly in the molecular layers
d. Basket cells exert excitatory effects on purkinje cells
e. Terminal fibers of the olivocerebellar tracts constitute the climbing fibers

A

a. There is a one to one relationship between mossy fibres and purkinje cells (True)
b. Climbing fibers terminate on the dendrites of purkinje cells (False)
c. Axons of granule cells ramify mainly in the molecular layers (True)
d. Basket cells exert excitatory effects on purkinje cells (False)
e. Terminal fibers of the olivocerebellar tracts constitute the climbing fibers (True)

81
Q

58) Concerning the brainstem,
a. The caudal half of the floor of the 4th ventricle is formed by the rostral half of the medulla
b. The nucleus gracilis is situated beneath the gracile tubercle on the anterior surface of the tubercle
c. The nucleus ambiguous constitute the motor nucleus of the vagus, cranial part of accessory and hypoglossal nerves
d. The pons receives blood supply from the basilar artery
e. Main sensory and motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve lies within the caudal part of the pons

A

58) Concerning the brainstem,
a. The caudal half of the floor of the 4th ventricle is formed by the rostral half of the medulla (False)
b. The nucleus gracilis is situated beneath the gracile tubercle on the anterior surface of the tubercle (False)
c. The nucleus ambiguous constitute the motor nucleus of the vagus, cranial part of accessory and hypoglossal nerves (False)
d. The pons receives blood supply from the basilar artery (True)
e. Main sensory and motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve lies within the caudal part of the pons (False)

82
Q

59) The intracellular nuclei of the cerebellum exit through the ____________ except the _________

A

superior cerebellar peduncle,

axons of the fastigal nucleus.

83
Q

60) Efferent fibers whose origins are fastigal nucleus leave the cerebellum through the ______________________

A

inferior cerebellar penduncle.

84
Q

61) the cerebellum is connected to the posterior aspect of the brainstem by 3 bundles:

__________, __________ and ___________ peduncles

A

superior, middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles.

85
Q

62) The cerebellum consists of 2 hemispheres joined by the _________

A

vermis.

86
Q

63) The cerebellum is divided into:

i.
ii.
iii.

Anterior and middle lobes are separated by a primary fissure, while the middle and flocculonodular lobes are separated by the uvulonodular fissure.

A

i. anterior lobe,

ii. middle lobe iii.flocculonodular lobes.

87
Q

63) The cerebellum is divided into:
i. anterior lobe,
ii. middle lobe iii.flocculonodular lobes.

Anterior and middle lobes are separated by a ____________, while

the middle and flocculonodular lobes are separated by the _____________.

A

primary fissure, uvulonodular fissure

88
Q

64) The molecular layer comprises of: _________ and _______ cells

A

stellate and basket cells.

89
Q

65) The spinal cord extends from the ________ to terminate caudally as the ____________ at L1.

A

conus medullaris

90
Q

66) Beyond the conus medullaris, a prolongation of pia mater extends as a thin cord, ____________ which is attached to the posterior aspect of the 1st coccygeal segment.

A

filum terminale,

91
Q

67) There are ___ pairs of spinal nerves. _ cervical, __ thoracic, _ lumbar, _ coccygeal and _ sacral.

A

31 spinal nerves, 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 coccygeal and 5 sacral.

92
Q

68) The part of the spinal cord from which a pair of spinal nerves arise is called a __________________

A

spinal segment.

93
Q

69) Dorsal root carries ___________ nerves , while

ventral roots carries _________ and ________ nerves

A

sensory nerves,

motor and autonomic nerves.

94
Q

70) Spinal nerves C1 to C7 exit ______________________________________. (NOTE: All other spinal nerves exit below the pedicles of the corresponding vertebrae).

A

above the pedicle of corresponding vertebrae

95
Q

71) The lumbar and sacral root below the end of the spinal cord at L2, continues as a leash of nerve roots called the __________.

A

cauda equina

96
Q

72) The peripheral white matter, which consists of bundles of myelinated fibers which make up the ___________ and _________ tracts

A

long ascending and descending tracts.

97
Q

73) The descending tracts include:
i. the ________ tract (lateral cerebrospinal or crossed motor) and
ii. the ___________ tract (anterior cerebrospinal or uncrossed motor)

A

i. pyramidal tract

ii. direct pyramidal tract

98
Q

74) In the pyramidal tract, the motor pathway at the ____________________, decussates in the ________ , then descends in the pyramidal tract on the contralateral side of the ____________

A

pyramidal cells of the motor cortex, medulla, spinal cord

99
Q

75) In direct pyramidal tract, it descends______________________________

A

without crossing at the medulla.

PAST QUESTIONS (ANATOMY) (5 decks)

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