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Neurology > Neuroanatomy Overview Lecture > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Overview Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

In the PNS how many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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2
Q

In the PNS how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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3
Q

What makes up the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

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4
Q

If something is a bulbar pathology where does it affect?

A

Usually refers to medulla oblongata

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5
Q

Principle cells of the CNS (2)

A

Neurons

Glial cells

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6
Q

Types of glial cells (4)

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

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7
Q

Describe the function and shape of neurons

A

Communicators.
Receive info via synapses, integrate it, then transmit electrical impulses to another neuron or effector cell. Most are multipolar with many dendrites and one axon

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the hillock of the neuron?

A

Decides whether or not to fire the action potential

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9
Q

What are glial cells?

A

More numerous in CNS than neurons, support neurons, glue cells, arent connective tissue

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10
Q

Describe astrocytes shape

A

Star shaped, many numerous processes

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11
Q

Role of astrocytes

A

Roles in support, maintaining the blood brain barrier, environmental homeostasis

Can tighten endothelial of blood vessels

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12
Q

Is there connective tissue in the CNS

A

NOPE

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13
Q

Role of oligodendrocytes in the CNS

A

Produce myelin in the CNS (NOT IN THE PNS)

Have numerous branches which extend to produce internodes of myelin around different axons. Round nucleus.

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14
Q

What is the origin of microglia

A

Similar lineage to macrophages
Hemopoietic origin
From outside CNS

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15
Q

Role of microglia

A

Immune monitoring and antigen presentation

Phagocytic/antigen presenting

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16
Q

Appearance of microglia

A

Elongated nucelus, number of short spiny cell processes

WHEN ACTIVATED however become rounder and look like macrophages

17
Q

Appearance of ependymal cells

A

Ciliated columnar/cuboidal epithelium

18
Q

Role of ependymal cells

A

Line the ventricles

19
Q

Define

  1. Gyrus
  2. Sulcus
  3. Fissure
  4. Folium
A
  1. bump out
  2. indentation
  3. deeper in than sulci
  4. same as gyrus but in cerebellum
20
Q

What is in grey matter and where is it usually in the brain?

A

Usually around the edges of the brain

Contains huge numbers of neurons, cell processes, synapses and support cells

21
Q

What is in white matter?

A

Axons and their support cells - no nerve cell bodies

22
Q

When is grey matter on the outside and when is it on the inside?

A

BRAIN - grey outside

SPINAL CORD - grey inside

23
Q

Lobes of the cerebral hemisphere

A 
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Insular
24
Q

Name the meninges layers from superficial to deep

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space (contains CSF)
Pia mater

25
Q

Describe the appearance of the pia mater

A

shiny, few cells thick

26
Q

What connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

27
Q

Describe the arteries in brain

A

2 inferior cerebellar arteries
1 superior
3 cerebral arteries

28
Q

Where do the dural venous sinuses drain?

A

Into the internal jugular vein

29
Q

Describe the anatomical position of the frontal lobe?

A

Large lobe anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral sulcus.
Anterior to a line drawn from the central sulcus to the corpus callosum

30
Q

Describe the anatomical position of the parietal lobe?

A

Posterior to the central sulcus, superior to the lateral sulcus (and a backward extension of it), and anterior to a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preocciptial notch.

Posterior to the frontal lobe and anterior to the parieto-occipital sulcus

31
Q

Describe the occipital lobe’s anatomical position?

A

Posterior to a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch. Posterior to the parieto-occipital sulcus

32
Q

Temporal lobe - anatomical position?

A

Inferior to the lateral sulcus (and a line extending the lateral sulcus posteriorly) and posteriorly by a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus and the preoccipital notch.
Medially, the temporal lobe extends from the temporal pole, to a line drawn between the preoccipital notch and the anterior end of the calcarine sulcus.

33
Q

Role of the insular lobe?

A

Role to play in experience of pain, coordinator of many functions of the cortex

Neurology (13 decks)

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