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BDS 2 Semester 1 > Neuroanatomy: Occlusal Terms I and II > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy: Occlusal Terms I and II Flashcards

1
Q

Angle classification

A

A system used to classify the relationship between the upper and lower teeth.
Angles molar classification:
- Class I (normal): buccal groove of mandibular first permanent molar should occlude with the mesio-buccal cusp of maxillary first molar
- Class II (maxillary too far forward): buccal groove of the mandibular first permanent molar occludes posterior to the mesio-buccal cusp of the maxillary first molar
- Class III (mandibular too far forward): buccal groove of the mandibular first permanent molar occludes anterior to the mesio-buccal cusp of the maxillary first molar
Angles canine classification:
- Class I (normal): cusp tip of maxillary permanent canine occludes between mandibular canine and first premolar
- Class II (maxillary too far forward): cusp tip of maxillary permanent canine occludes anterior to ‘normal’
- Class III (mandibular too far forward): cusp tip of maxillary permanent canine occludes posterior to ‘normal’

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2
Q

Anterior guidance

A

The guidance provided to the lower jaw by the upper front teeth during jaw movement, e.g., during chewing or speaking.

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3
Q

Ankylosis

A

Fusion or immobility of a join (i.e., TMJ) resulting from pathology or injury.

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4
Q

Articulating paper

A

Thin paper used to mark points of contact between the upper and lower teeth when biting down.
Useful when assessing high points in restorations.

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5
Q

Articulation

A

The movement and function of the TMJ and associated structures during jaw movement.

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6
Q

Articulator

A

A mechanical device used to simulate the movements of the jaw and teeth and dental procedure, such as creating dental prosthetics.

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7
Q

Axial alignment

A

The alignment of teeth along their long axes within the dental arch, crucial for proper occlusion and function.

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8
Q

Balancing side

A

The side of the dental arch opposite to the working side during lateral jaw movement, providing stability and support.

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9
Q

Bennett angle

A

The angle formed by the condylar path during lateral movement of the mandible, important in determining occlusal schemes.

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10
Q

Bennett movement

A

Lateral movement of the mandible, often described in terms of Bennett angle and used in occlusal analysis.

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11
Q

Border movement diagram

A

Graphical representation of movements of the mandible in various directions. Used in diagnosing and treating occlusal issues.

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12
Q

Border movements

A

The movements of the mandible along its borders, including protrusion, retrusion and lateral movements.

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13
Q

Bruxism

A

Involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth, often occurring during sleep and associated with stress or dental issues.

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14
Q

Buccal segments

A

The posterior teeth and supporting structures on the outer surface of the dental arches, including premolars and molars.

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15
Q

Canine guidance

A

The guidance provided by the canine teeth during lateral jaw movement, important for stability and proper occlusion.

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16
Q

Centric occluison

A

The position of the mandible when the teeth are in maximum intercuspation (maximum contact) also known as centric relation.

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17
Q

Centric relation

A

The position of the mandible when the condyles are in their most superior and anterior position within the mandibular fossa, independent of tooth contact.

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18
Q

Centric stop

A

Points of contact between the upper and lower teeth in centric occlusion, contributing to stability and proper occlusion.

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19
Q

Chewing cycle

A

The sequence of movements involved in chewing, including opening, closing and lateral movements of the jaw.

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20
Q

Condylar guidance

A

Guidance provided by the condyles in the mandible during jaw movement, influencing occlusal relationships.

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21
Q

Contralateral

A

Relating to the opposite side of the body or dental arch.

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22
Q

Cross-bite

A

A malocclusion where upper teeth fit inside the lower teeth when biting down. I.e., underbite.

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23
Q

Curve of Spee

A

Curvature of the occlusal plane from the tip of the canine to the posterior teeth, aiding in proper occlusal function and stability. Curves upwards in health. Flattened is absence of normal.

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24
Q

Cusp

A

Pointed or round elevation on the occlusal surface of a tooth, designed to facilitate proper occlusion and chewing function.

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25
Q

Cusp angle

A

Angle formed by the inclines of adjacent cusps on a tooth, influencing occlusal relationships and stability.

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26
Q

Cusp interference

A

Contact or interference between cusps of opposing teeth, potentially causing occlusal problems and discomfort.

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27
Q

Diastema

A

A space or gap between two teeth.

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28
Q

Disclusion

A

Separation of the upper and lower teeth during jaw movement, crucial for preventing premature contacts and ensuring proper function.

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29
Q

Edge-to-edge

A

Upper and lower teeth meet in an edge-to-edge fashion, neither is under.

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30
Q

Embrasures

A

Spaces and curvatures between adjacent teeth, aiding in proper contact. Go out from the contact point.

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31
Q

Envelope of motion

A

Range of movement of the mandible during various functional activities, e.g., chewing and speaking.

32
Q

Facebow

A

Dental instrument used to record the spatial relationship between the maxillary arch and the TMJ.

33
Q

Freeway space

A

Space between the upper and lower teeth when the mandible is in a relaxed, resting position.

34
Q

Group function

A

Type of occlusal scheme where multiple posterior teeth contact simultaneously during lateral jaw movement, providing stability and support.

35
Q

Guidance

A

The guidance and support provided by teeth and jaw structures during jaw movement, influencing occlusal relationships and stability.

36
Q

Guiding cusps

A

Cusps of teeth that provide guidance during jaw movement, e.g., lingual cusps of maxillary molars and buccal cusps of the mandibular molars.

37
Q

Infraocclusion

A

A condition where a tooth fails to fully erupt or occlude with opposing teeth, leading to an uneven occlusal plane.

38
Q

Intercondylar distance

A

The distance between the two TMJs. Important for assessing jaw function and occlusal stability.

39
Q

Intercuspal occlusion (IO)

A

Occlusion of the teeth when in maximum intercuspation with maximum contact between the upper and lower teeth.

40
Q

Intercuspal position (IP)

A

Position of the mandible when the teeth are in maximum intercuspation (maximum contact), also known as centric relation.

41
Q

Interincisal angle

A

Angle formed by the incisal edges of the upper and lower incisors when the teeth are in maximum intercuspation, important for occlusal stability.

42
Q

Interocclusal distance (IOD)

A

Vertical space between the upper and lower dental arches when the mandible is in a relaxed resting position.

43
Q

Interproximal contacts

A

Contacts between adjacent teeth along their proximal surfaces, crucial for stability and proper occlusal function.

44
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Relating to the same side of the body or dental arch.

45
Q

Masticatory musculature

A

Muscles involved in chewing and jaw movement. Muscles of mastication; masseter, temporalis, lateral and medial pterygoid muscles.

46
Q

Maximum hinge opening

A

Maximum distance between the upper and lower incisors when the mandible is fully depressed (opened) important for assessing jaw mobility.

47
Q

Maximum lateral excursion

A

Maximum sideways movement of the mandible from the centric position, crucial for assessing jaw function and occlusal stability.

48
Q

Mesial drift

A

Natural movement of teeth towards the midline of the dental arch over time, occurring due to various factors such as occlusal forces and bone remodelling.

49
Q

Monson’s curve

A

A curve representing the spatial orientation of the occlusal plane in relation to the craniofacial structures. Important for proper occlusal analysis and treatment planning.

50
Q

Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPD)

A

A condition characterised by pain and dysfunction in the muscles and fascia of the head, neck, and jaw region, often associated with bruxism and temporomandibular joint disorders.

51
Q

Neutral zone

A

The area within the oral cavity where forces exerted by the tongue, cheeks, and lips and balanced, crucial for stability and retention of dental prosthetics.

52
Q

Nociceptors

A

Specialised sensory receptors that detect painful stimuli.

53
Q

Occlusal analysis

A

Process of assessing the relationship between the teeth, jaws, and associated structures to diagnose occlusal problems and plan appropriate treatment.

54
Q

Occlusal curvatures

A

Natural curves and contours present on the occlusal surfaces of teeth, facilitating proper alignment and distribution of occlusal forces during chewing.

55
Q

Occlusal stability

A

Ability of the dental occlusion to maintain proper alignment and function under various functional loads and movements, crucial for long-term oral health.

56
Q

Occlusal table

A

Flat surface created by the occlusal surfaces of the teeth when the jaws are closed, important for masticatory function and occlusal stability.

57
Q

Occlusal trauma

A

Injury or damage to dental tissues resulting from excessive or abnormal forces applied during occlusal function, potentially leading to tooth wear, mobility, and pain.

58
Q

Occlusal vertical dimension (OVD)

A

Vertical dimension of the occlusion, measured from a fixed point on the maxilla to a corresponding point on the mandible when the teeth are in maximum intercuspation.

59
Q

Occlusion

A

Relationship between the upper and lower teeth when they come into contact, including centric occlusion and other occlusal relationships during jaw movement.

60
Q

Open bite

A

A type of malocclusion where there is insufficient vertical overlap between the upper and lower teeth when the jaws are closed, resulting in a gap between them.

61
Q

Overbite

A

Vertical overlap of the upper and lower teeth when the jaws are closed in maximum intercuspation.

62
Q

Overeruption

A

Excessive vertical eruption of a tooth beyond its normal occlusal plane. Due to lack of opposing tooth contact.

63
Q

Overjet

A

Horizontal projection of the upper teeth beyond the lower teeth when the jaws are closed in maximum intercuspation.

64
Q

Parafunction

A

Abnormal or excessive functional movements of the jaws and teeth, such as bruxism. Often leads to dental problems and temporomandibular disorders.

65
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Sensory receptors located in muscles, tendons and joints that provide feedback to the CNS about the position and movement of body parts, including the jaws.

66
Q

Proclined

A

A term describing teeth that are inclined or tilted towards the lips of cheeks, affecting occlusal relationships and aesthetics.

67
Q

Rest position

A

Natural, relaxed position of the mandible when the muscles are at rest. Important for establishing the occlusal vertical dimension and maintaining muscle balance.

68
Q

Reset vertical dimension (RVD)

A

Vertical dimension of the occlusion when the mandible is in the rest position, used as a reference for establishing proper occlusal relationships and prosthetic restorations.

69
Q

Retroclined

A

Teeth inclined or tilted towards the tongue or palate.

70
Q

Retruded hinge axis

A

Axis around which the mandible rotates during hinge movement, used as a reference point for articulator settings and occlusal analysis.

71
Q

Retruded relation

A

Position of the mandible when the condyles are in their most posterior and superior position within the mandibular fossa, often used as a reference for occlusal measurements.

72
Q

Retrusion

A

Backward or posterior movement of the mandible from its centric position, often occurring during mandibular movements like retrusion or lateral excursion.

73
Q

Scissors bite

A

Type of malocclusion where the upper and lower teeth have a cross-over or scissor-like relationship when the jaws are closed, affecting occlusal stability and function.

74
Q

Supporting cusps

A

Cusps of teeth that bear the majority of occlusal forces and provide stability during chewing and other functional movements.

75
Q

Vertical dimension

A

Vertical height of dental occlusion; includes both the occlusal vertical dimension and rest vertical dimension, crucial for proper occlusal function and aesthetics.

76
Q

Wilson’s curve

A

Curvature of the occlusal plane from the mandibular canine to the posterior teeth, influencing occlusal stability and function.

77
Q

Working side

A

Side of the dental arch towards which the mandible moves during lateral excursion or chewing, often referred to as the working or working-side condyle.

BDS 2 Semester 1 (21 decks)

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