NeuroAnatomy/NeuroPathology Lecture 6 Cells of Nervous System Flashcards
What are the two types of cells of the nervous system?
Neurons & glial cells
What is the structure of a neuron?
cell body/soma, dendrite, axon, terminal axons, node of ranvier
What is the function of a neuron?
responsible for neurotransmitter signaling in the nervous system
What is the function of the cell body?
“production factory” for all neuron components
What is the function of the dendrites?
sensory input
What is the function of the axons?
conduct action potentials for signaling
What does the Node of Ranvier allow?
faster transmission of action potentials
What is the anterograde axon transport pathway?
cell body to terminal axon and transports molecular building blocks
What is the retrograde axon transport pathway?
terminal axon to cell body and transports molecular byproducts
What are the five types of glial cells?
astrocytes, oligodendrocyte, microglial cells, ependymal cells, Schwann cells
What are the four functions of an astrocyte?
regulate the blood brain barrier, transport nutrients, regulates synapses, and remodeling
What is the function of an oligodendrocyte?
myelinating axons of the CNS
What are the functions of a microglial cell?
clear toxic material, secrete neurotrophic factors, increase clearance of glutamate, secretes potentially neurotoxic molecules
What is the function of an ependymal cell?
responsible for secreting/absorbing nutrients into the CSF and protects the blood brain barrier
what is the function of a Schwann cell?
responsible for myelinating axons of nerves in the PNS