Neuroanatomy - Introduction to the nervous system Flashcards
Whats the role of the autonomic nervous system
- Detect changes in internal and external environment
- Receiving sensory input
- Relay info, analyse it and initiate appropriate response
What is a neuron
- Most basic functional unit of nervous system
- Conveys information via electrical signals (Receives, integrates, transmits)
What are the different types of neurons, and what are their roles
- Afferent/sensory neurons - Transfer information from receptors to the CNS
- Efferent/motor neurons - Transfer information from the CNS to peripheral effectors
- Interneurons - Link afferent and efferent nerves in the CNS
What are the subdivisions of the nervous system
Answer the boxes
WHat is the brain split into
- Forebrain
- Midbrain
- Hindbrain
What does the forebrain consist of
- Telencephalon - Cerebral part mainly made of cerebral hemispheres
- Diencephalon - Posterior part of the brain, connects systems
Describe the neural tube
- 3 swellings develop during development - fors 3 parts of the brain
- Rostral end contains the cerebrospinal fluid
- The pons and cerebellum have a shared embryologic origin
Describe the formation of secondary brain vesicles
- After the formation of primary brain vesicles
- Prosencephalon develops → telencephalon caudally and diencephalon rostrally
- Rhombencephalon develops → metencephalon caudally and diencephalon rostrally
Whats the role of the secondary brain vesicles
- Telencephalon – forms cerebral hemispheres
- Diencephalon – forms thalamus and hypothalamus
- Mesencephalon – forms midbrain
- Metencephalon – forms the pons and cerebellum
- Myelencephalon – forms the medulla oblongata
Describe the adult brain
- Made up of gyrus and sulci
- Composed of types of ‘matter’ (grey and white)
- Corpus callosum – band found
deep to the longitudinal fissure - Four lobes of the brain
What is white matter
- Tracts and axons of neurons (gyri)
- Gyrus is a fold
What is grey matter
- Many cell bodies, nuclei, and the points of synapse (sulci)
- Sulci is a groove
Whats the cervical enlargement
An area where the nerves supply the upper limbs, from the fifth cervical to the first thoracic vertebra
Whats the lumbar enlargement
An area where the nerves supply the lower limbs, from T11 to S2
How many bones are there in the spinal cord
33 Vertebrae
What are the different types of spinal nerves and how many are there
Cervical - 8 (C1-C8)
Thoracic - 12 (T1-T5)
Lumbar - 5 (L1-L5)
Sacral - 5 (S1-S5)
Coccygeal - 1 (Co1)
What is the dorsal root ganglion
Plays a role in transmitting sensory information to the central nervous system (spinal cord) for further processing and response
