Neuroanatomy - Introduction to the nervous system Flashcards
1
Q
Whats the role of the autonomic nervous system
A
- Detect changes in internal and external environment
- Receiving sensory input
- Relay info, analyse it and initiate appropriate response
2
Q
What is a neuron
A
- Most basic functional unit of nervous system
- Conveys information via electrical signals (Receives, integrates, transmits)
3
Q
What are the different types of neurons, and what are their roles
A
- Afferent/sensory neurons - Transfer information from receptors to the CNS
- Efferent/motor neurons - Transfer information from the CNS to peripheral effectors
- Interneurons - Link afferent and efferent nerves in the CNS
4
Q
What are the subdivisions of the nervous system
A
5
Q
Answer the boxes
A
6
Q
WHat is the brain split into
A
- Forebrain
- Midbrain
- Hindbrain
7
Q
What does the forebrain consist of
A
- Telencephalon - Cerebral part mainly made of cerebral hemispheres
- Diencephalon - Posterior part of the brain, connects systems
8
Q
Describe the neural tube
A
- 3 swellings develop during development - fors 3 parts of the brain
- Rostral end contains the cerebrospinal fluid
- The pons and cerebellum have a shared embryologic origin
9
Q
Describe the formation of secondary brain vesicles
A
- After the formation of primary brain vesicles
- Prosencephalon develops → telencephalon caudally and diencephalon rostrally
- Rhombencephalon develops → metencephalon caudally and diencephalon rostrally
10
Q
Whats the role of the secondary brain vesicles
A
- Telencephalon – forms cerebral hemispheres
- Diencephalon – forms thalamus and hypothalamus
- Mesencephalon – forms midbrain
- Metencephalon – forms the pons and cerebellum
- Myelencephalon – forms the medulla oblongata
11
Q
Describe the adult brain
A
- Made up of gyrus and sulci
- Composed of types of ‘matter’ (grey and white)
- Corpus callosum – band found
deep to the longitudinal fissure - Four lobes of the brain
12
Q
What is white matter
A
- Tracts and axons of neurons (gyri)
- Gyrus is a fold
13
Q
What is grey matter
A
- Many cell bodies, nuclei, and the points of synapse (sulci)
- Sulci is a groove
14
Q
Whats the cervical enlargement
A
An area where the nerves supply the upper limbs, from the fifth cervical to the first thoracic vertebra
15
Q
Whats the lumbar enlargement
A
An area where the nerves supply the lower limbs, from T11 to S2
