Neuroanatomy - Cranial and Spinal Nerves, Sensory receptors Flashcards
Which nerve does NOT serve only the head & neck structures?
Vagus nerve (X)
Abbreviation for the 12 cranial nerves. States the 12 nerves in order.
“On occasion, our trusty truck acts funny – very good vehicle anyhow”
Sensory, motor, or both? List the order.
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The first cranial nerve extends from the nasal mucosa to olfactory bulb. From there, neurons extend as olfactory tract to primary frontal cortex. S, M or B?
Olfactory nerves (I)
- Sensory fibers for smell
List how the optic nerves reach the occipital cortex. S, M or B?
Optic nerve (II) begins as fibers from retina, then form optic nerves and passes through optic foramen to converge to optic chiasma. Then as optic tract to thalamus, changing to optical radiation to occipital cortex.
- Sensory fibers of vision
What are the 4/6 extrinsic muscles of the eye that the oculomotor nerves control? S, M or B?
- Superior rectus muscle
- Medial rectus muscle
- Inferior oblique muscle
- Inferior rectus muscle
Motor fibers from ventral midbrain (but also parasympathetic fibers to lens and some sensory proprioceptive afferents).
Which cranial nerve innervates the superior oblique eye muscle? S, M or B?
Trochlear nerves - pulley (IV)
- Motor fibers from dorsal midbrain
Which cranial nerves have 3 division and is the largest? What are the 3 divisions? S, M or B?
Trigeminal nerves (V)
Division are: Ophthalmic, maxillary, & mandibular division.
Has both sensory fibers for face, and motor fibers for chewing.
What is the cranial nerve that extends from the pons an is VI? S, M or B?
Abducens nerves (VI) that controls extrinsic eye muscles to abduct eye to control the lateral recuts muscle.
- Motor fibers (but some proprioceptive info)
What is the cranial nerve that extends from the pons/medulla border an is VIII? S, M or B?
Vestibulocochlear nerves (VIII)
- Sensory nerve for balance & hearing
What are the 5 major branches of the facial nerve (VII)?
(The Zebra Bit My Cantaloup)
- Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical branch
How is the facial nerves a mixed nerve even though it is primarily motor?
- It is also parasympathetic to lacrimal glands and the 2 pairs salivary glands.
- Sensory from anterior 2/3 of tongue for taste.
Glossopharyngeal nerves (IX) are mixed nerves to & from the medulla. List the motor functions.
- Swallowing & gag reflex
- Parasympathetic fibers to parotid glands that releases saliva
Glossopharyngeal nerves (IX) are mixed nerves to & from the medulla. List the sensory functions.
- Taste, touch, pressure, pain from pharynx & posterior tongue
- Carotid sinus (chemo & baroreceptors)
Which nerve is mixed: parasympathetic motor to heart, lungs, abdominal viscera, and somatic to pharynx & larynx
But also sensory from carotid sinus with proprioceptive info?
Vagus nerve (X)
Accessory nerves (XI) is only ______ rootlets
Spinal (rootlets)
Accessory nerves (XI) supports the vagus nerve and is mostly motor functions. Explain.
Mostly motor to pharynx, larynx, soft palate, and supplies motor fibers to trapezium & sternocleidomastoid muscles
What is the XII cranial nerve and what is it for?
Hypoglossal nerves (XII)
- Motor for tongue to mix food , swallow, and speech
What do we call a network of connecting nerves just outside the spinal cord for all ventral rami branch? Where is it not found?
Nerve plexuses
- Not found for T2-T12
What happens to a damage to one spinal segment or root?
Cannot completely paralyze any limb muscles because each receives nerve supply from more than one spinal nerve (because of nerve plexuses).
What are most branches of the cervical plexus called? C1-C4
Cutaneous nerves
What is the important nerve from the cervical plexus for both motor & sensory fibers to diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
Which nerve of the brachial plexus is connected to the shoulder, especially the deltoid muscle?
Axillary nerve
Which nerve of the brachial plexus is responsible to flex the arm? What is it connected to?
The musculocutaneous nerve connects to biceps brachii & brachialis.
