Neuroanatomy and Histology

Question 1

The central nervous system consists of?

Answer 1

Brain + spinal cord.

Question 2

The peripheral nervous system consists of?

Answer 2

The 12 pairs of cranial nerves + the 31 pairs of spinal nerves and all their branches.

Question 3

The brain stem is made up of which components?

Answer 3

Midbrain + pons + medulla oblongata.

Question 4

Another name for the hypothalamus is?

Answer 4

Diencephalon.

Question 5

Function of neurons in the CNS?

Answer 5

Receive information via synapses to be integrated and transmitted as electrical impulses to another neuron/ effector cell.

Question 6

Describe the structure of most neurons in the CNS?

Answer 6

Most are multipolar with many dendrites and one axon.

Question 7

What cells outnumber neurons in the CNS?

Answer 7

Glial cells.

Question 8

The cell body of a neuron is known as the?

Answer 8

Soma.

Question 9

Which cells of the retina have no axons?

Answer 9

Neurons.

Question 10

What exists in place of connective tissue within the CNS?

Answer 10

Astrocytes.

Question 11

What are the roles of astrocytes in the CNS?

Answer 11

1. Support (instead of connective tissue).
2. maintaining BBB.
3. environmental homeostasis.

Question 12

What type of glial cell is often described as “star-shaped”?

Answer 12

Astrocyte.

Question 13

What cells produce myelin in the CNS (NOT the PNS)?

Answer 13

Oligodendrocytes.

Question 14

What is a node of Ranvier?

Answer 14

Gap in the myelin sheath between adjacent Schwann cells.

Question 15

What is the function of a node of Ranvier?

Answer 15

Facilitates rapid conduction of nerve impulses.

Question 16

Name 4 types of Glial cell within the CNS?

Answer 16

1. Astrocytes
2. Oligodendrocytes
3. Microglia
4. Ependymal

Question 17

What is the function of microglia within the CNS?

Answer 17

Immune monitoring and antigen presentation.

Question 18

Describe ependymal cells of the CNS?

Answer 18

Form ciliated cuboidal/columnar epithelium that lines the ventricles.

Question 19

What type of cells line the ventricles of the CNS?

Answer 19

Ependymal

Question 20

What is white matter of the brain composed of?

Answer 20

Mostly myelinated axons and their support cells.

Question 21

What is grey matter of the brain composed of?

Answer 21

Many neurons, cell processes, synapses and support cells.

Question 22

What type of matter is generally found on the outside of the brain tissue?

Answer 22

Grey matter.

Question 23

What type of matter is generally found on the inside of the brain tissue?

Answer 23

White matter.

Question 24

The horn of the spinal cord is composed of which type of matter?

Answer 24

Grey.

Question 25

The column of the spinal cord is composed of which type of matter?

Answer 25

White.

Question 26

The anterior horn of the spinal cord is responsible for which function?

Answer 26

Motor.

Question 27

The posterior horn of the spinal cord is responsible for which function?

Answer 27

Sensory.

Question 28

Lentiform nucleus is made up of what?

Answer 28

Putamen + Globus Pallidus.

Question 29

The Corpus Callosum connects what?

Answer 29

The two hemispheres of the brain.

Question 30

What is the interthalamic adhesion?

Answer 30

The touching point of the two thalami in the midline.

Question 31

What lobe of the brain is found anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral sulcus?

Answer 31

Frontal lobe.

Question 32

What lobe of the brain is found posterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral sulcus?

Answer 32

Parietal lobe.

Question 33

What lobe of the brain is found superior to the lateral sulcus and anterior to a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch?

Answer 33

Parietal lobe.

Question 34

What two anatomical landmarks are used to draw the boundaries of the parietal lobe?

Answer 34

The parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch.

Question 35

What "separates" the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe?

Answer 35

The Parieto-occipital sulcus (fissure).

Question 36

What lobe lies posterior to a line drawn from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch?

Answer 36

Occipital lobe.

Question 37

What lobe lies inferior to the lateral sulcus and anterior to a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus and pre-occipital notch?

Answer 37

Temporal lobe.

Question 38

List the layers of the meninges from superficial to deep.

Answer 38

1. Dura mater. 2. Arachnoid mater. 3. Pia mater.

Question 39

Which layer of the meninges contains the subarachnoid space and CSF?

Answer 39

Arachnoid mater.

Question 40

What name is given to the nervous system running from the oesophagus to the rectum?

Answer 40

Enteric Nervous System.

Question 41

What makes up the Circle of Willis (6)?

Answer 41

1. Anterior Cerebral Arteries 2. Middle Cerebral Arteries 3. Internal Carotid Arteries 4. Basilar Artery 5. Vertebral Arteries 6. Posterior Cerebral Arteries

Question 42

The dural venous sinuses drain to where?

Answer 42

The internal jugular vein.