Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL2052 S2 > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

LO

A
  • Anatomy catch up lecture, and preparation for lectures to come
  • Cranial Nerves:
  • Name the 12 cranial nerves and describe the location within the brain/brainstem - where their nuclei are located and where the nerve emerges
  • Discuss the main function of each cranial nerve
  • Limbic Lobe:
  • Describe the main parts of the limbic lobe/system
  • Discuss the Trisynaptic circuit of the hippocampus, and functional connections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does each spinal nerve have attached to them and where does this lead to?

A

Each spinal nerve has Roots that join together to form mixed* spinal nerves which then branch to reach their target structures in the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Each segment of the spinal cord gives rise to a pair of spinal nerves that consist of what 3 things…?

A
  1. Axons of motor neurons that innervate a group of muscles
  2. Axons of sensory neurons that innervate a defined area of skin
  3. Axons of sympathetic neurons to structures in the body wall that control body temp (blood vessels, sweat glands etc.)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Label this spinal nerves and tell me what each one brings or goes to

A
  • Dorsal root brings in afferent fibres (sensory)
  • Ventral root brings in efferent fibres (motor)
  • Dorsal ramus goes to back
  • Ventral ramus goes everywhere else and contains sympathetic ganglia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tell me the spinal nerve names and order from head to pelvis

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the brain stem serve as?

A

Serves as a conduit for ascending & descending tracts connecting the spinal cord to higher centres (cerebrum, cerebellum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the brain stem contain?

A
  • Contains important reflex centres associated with control of respiration, heart rate & blood pressure, and consciousness
  • Contains cranial nerve nuclei; Cranial nerves III – XII emerge from it.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Are there peripheral nerves in the head and neck?

A

These are the cranial nerves which emerge from the brainstem (except I & II). They follow a different pattern to spinal nerves. They can be purely sensory, purely motor, or mixed. They also don’t have the architecture of the spinal nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Label these 3 main structures in the brain

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are cranial nerves distinct from spinal nerves and what do they supply ?

A
  • Cranial nerve- nerve supply to the head, neck and face
  • Distinct from Spinal nerves:
  • Cranial nerves contain branchial efferent fibres
  • Cranial nerves contain special sensory (afferent) fibres
  • Some Cranial nerves are completely sensory, completely motor, or mixed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tell me what the 5 arches are that are present during development that are the precursors to structures in the head and neck

What are the words that describe them/ their name?

A

Embryonic structural layout that gives rise to structures in head and neck (branchial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cranial nerves

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the cranial nerves from front to back…

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

All nerves are paired (so 24 singles but 12 pairs of cranial nerves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

With the sensory systems located within the head, what are the 5 special senses?

A

audition

balance/equilibrium

vision

olfaction

gustation*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tell me the purely sensory cranial nerves

Their main function

Location of neurons

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What nerves do the purely sensory cranial nerves contain

A

These cranial nerves contain special sensory (afferent) fibres/nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What nerve provide audition and balance?

A

The 8th nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tell me about the polarity of the olfactory neurons

A

they are bipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Are the sensory cranial nerver in the CNS?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of nerves are purely motor cranial nerves?

A

Generally somatic efferent nerves: prokect to striated muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What nuclei do the brain stems contains in the purely motor cranial nerve section?

A

Brainstems contain somatic motor nuclei homologous to the ventral horn of the spinal cord

23
Q

What are the purely motor cranial nerves

Their main function and location of the neurons

A
24
Q

Tell me the purely motor cranial nerves that project to striated muscle

Their main function and location of the neurons

A
25
Q

Tell me the mixed motor and sensory cranial nerves

Their main function and location of neurons

A
  • these are the larger cranial nerves as are carrying afferent and efferent fibres
  • 5,7, and 9 nerves are located slightly higher in the brain stem
  • Gustation split between 7, 9 and 10 cranial nerves
26
Q

Tell me the autonomic fibres within cranial nerves? think parasympathetic

A
27
Q

Tell me the divisions of the peripheral nervous system

A
28
Q

Summary of the functional groups of cranial nerves

A
29
Q

Identify the regions on this brain diagram and what are they each involved in?

A
30
Q

What is the limbic system considered to be and what is it related to?

A

Considered to be the ‘Emotional’ or ‘Feeling’ brain. (The ‘reacting’ Brain). Under control of the ‘thinking’ brain.

Relates to brain structures that deal with emotion, memory, and basic drives. Species preservation, self-preservation.

31
Q

What structures does the limbic system interconnect and what structure does it sit on top of?

A

Interconnected structures in telencephalon & diencephalon. Sits on top of the brainstem.

32
Q

What are the major component parts of the limbic system and are they thought to be the input or output parts?

A

Major component parts:

  1. Hypothalamus (output)
  2. Amygdala (input)
  3. Hippocampus (input)
33
Q

Label the major component parts of the limbic system

A
34
Q

Is the hypothalamus part of the telencephalon or the diencephalon?

A

diencephalon

35
Q

What does the hypothalamus regulate?

A
  • Regulates systems homeostasis (autonomic control!)
    e. g Hunger, thirst, body temperature, hormones
  • Regulates sexual motivation & other emotional behaviours
36
Q

Tell me the endocrine function of the hypothalamus

A

Endocrine function: Communicates with pituitary gland for hormone production/release

37
Q

Tell me about the output and input and the hypothalamus and limbic system

A
  • primary output node of the limbic system, with connections to the frontal lobes and brainstem.
  • Receives input from hippocampus and amygdala.
38
Q

Label these structures of the brain

A
39
Q

What nucleus is located in the hypothalamus and what is this involved in?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus – circadian rhythms

40
Q

What load is the amygdala located in?

What is it comprised of?

A

Located within the temporal lobe

comprised of a group of nuclei

41
Q

What is the amygdala the center for?

A
  • Emotional centre of the brain; Fear centre of the brain
  • Controls aggression (‘fight’) and (‘fear’)
  • Responsible for arousal, fear, excitement, anxiety, violence
42
Q

What does the amygdala have reciprocal connections with?

A

Has reciprocal connections with many brain regions (hippocampus, brain stem, diencephalon, olfactory cortex, etc).

43
Q

What converges into the amygdala ?

A

Various (sensory) stimuli and autonomic input converge in amygdala

44
Q

What does amygdala generate?

A

‘learned’ emotional responses

45
Q

Label this diagram of the brain

A
46
Q

What is the hippocampus located within?

A

The temporal lobe

47
Q

What is the hippocampus involved in?

A
  • Spatial memory
  • Memory processing (storage – short & long; consolidation, encoding, retrieving)
48
Q

Does the hippocampus have anatomical changes when it comes to an neurodegenerative disease like alzhemiers?

A

yes

49
Q

Tell me the structures that form the hippocampus

A
  • Hippocampus (CA1 – CA4)
  • Other part makes the hippocampus formation
  • Dentate gyrus
  • Parahippocampal gyrus (Subiculum & entorhinal cortex)
50
Q

Label the structures involved in the hippocampal formation

A
51
Q

Tell me the input and output of the parahippocampal gyrus

A

Parahippocampal gyrus:

  • Entorhinal cortex (input)
  • Subiculum (main output)
52
Q

What ciruit is present in the limbic system?

A

Trisynaptic circuit

53
Q

Tell me about the Trisynaptic circuit in the limbic system

what is it made up of?

A
  • Trisynaptic Circuit: 3 interconnected afferent pathways, taking information into the hippocampus for processing – memory retrieval
  • Consists of 3 cell groups: (all distinct neuron types even though called cells)
  1. Granule cells in DG
  2. Pyramidal cells in CA3
  3. Pyramidal cells in CA1

​All 3 are excitatory neurons

54
Q

What 3 synapses are present in the trisynaptic circuit?

A

(synapse 1) Entorhinal Cortex → DG via the perforant path

(synapse 2) DG → CA3 via mossy fibres

(synapse 3) CA3 → CA1 via Schaffer collaterals (as seen in purple on the diagram)

BIOL2052 S2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions