Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Role of precentral gyrus

Answer 1

primary motor cortex

Question 2

Role of insula

Answer 2

Deep within the lateral sulcus associated with hearing and equilibrium

Question 3

Fornix

Answer 3

Bridge of white matter inferior to the corpus callosum

links regions of the limbic system together

Question 4

Anterior commisure

Answer 4

Bridge of white fibres near the tip of the corpus callosum connects the hemispheres of the cerebrum

Question 5

What are the three parts of the striatum?

Answer 5

Putamen, caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens

Question 6

What is the function of the striatum?

Answer 6

Part of the basal ganglia, Controls and regulates motor and precortical areas so voluntary movements are smooth, also involed in eye movements, reward seeking, pleasurable effects of many drugs and learning

Question 7

What is the function of the hippocampus?

Answer 7

Part of the limbic system, has a major role in memory, early memory storage, long term memory formation and spatial navigation

Question 8

What is the function of the amygdala?

Answer 8

Almond sized collection of nuclei, plays a key role in processing emotion, determines the emotional relevance of a stimulus i.e fear/threat and aids consolidation of emotional memories

Question 9

Role of frontal lobe

Answer 9

complex learning

Question 10

Parietal lobe

Answer 10

Involved in laguage aquisition

Question 11

Occipital lobe

Answer 11

Processes visual information and help processes the written word

Question 12

Temporal lobe

Answer 12

Processes auditory information and maintain equilibrium

Question 13

Role of the pineal gland

Answer 13

Is the only unpaired structure in the brain, main function is the release of melatonin which aids maintainence or circadian rhythms.

Question 14

Role of thalamus

Answer 14

Comprises 80% of the diencephalon. Major relay point for all sensory impulses except for olfaction. Has multiple nuclei and is involved with movement, memory emotion as well as sensory info.

Question 15

Role of hypothalamus and pituitary

Answer 15

Comprised of several nuclei with several functions. Main function is homeostasis either through the release of hormones or via the modulation of the autonomic nervous system. Hormone relase is primarily from the pituitary under control of the thalamus.

Question 16

Mamillary body

Answer 16

Involved in a lot of processes regarding memory, damage typically causes diencephalic amnesia which causes anterograde amnesia. The mamilary bodies are often damaged in korsakoff’s syndrome and contain cells that note the direction of the head and act as a compass.

Question 17

Vermis

Answer 17

part of the the cerebellum, associated with posture and locomotion

Question 18

Folia

Answer 18

Fine transverse oriented pleat like gyri on the surface of the cerebellum increasing the surface area

Question 19

Arbour Vitae

Answer 19

Also know as the tree of life, the cerebellar white matter named for it’s branched tree like appearance.

Question 20

Cerebellar peduncles

Answer 20

Exist in superior middle and inferior pairs, the cerebellum communicates with the rest of the nervous system via these

Question 21

Angular gyrus

Answer 21

Part of the parietal lobe involved in language, mathematics and cognition

Question 22

Cingulate gyrus

Answer 22

Adjacent to the corpus callosum involved in emotion learning and memory

Question 23

Fusiform gyrus

Answer 23

located on the temporal lobe, processes visual information allowing for face and bodily recognition as well as number and word recognition.

Question 24

Precentral gyrus

Answer 24

Located on the frontal lobe and involved in voluntary movements.

Question 25

Postcentral gyrus

Answer 25

Located on the parietal lobe and involved in touch

Question 26

Lingual gyrus

Answer 26

Located on the occipital lobe and involved in Dreaming and visual word recognition

Question 27

Superior frontal gyrus

Answer 27

Located on the frontal cortex and involved in laughter and self awareness

Question 28

Superior tempral gyrus

Answer 28

Located on the temporal lobe. Contains wernicke's area and involved in the sensation of sound

Question 29

Parahippocampal gyrus

Answer 29

Surrounds the hippocampus involved in memory. Asymetry of this gyrus has been observed in schizophrenia

Question 30

Dentate nucleus

Answer 30

Located on the hippocampus involved in the formation of episodic memory.