Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin Med II- Neuro > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Grey matter composed of

A

neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

White matter composed of

A

myelinated axons, glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does CNS interface with PNS?

A

at the dorsal and ventral horns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are nissl granules

A

granules of RER with free ribosomes scattered throughout most of the cytoplasm. Site of protein synthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Neurolemma

A

Sheath of Schwann that surrounds the axon of the neuron in PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 types of glia cells

A

Astrocytes, oligodendroglia, microglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Main functions of astrocytes

A

BBB formation, regulation, and maintenance, neuronal metabolism of CNS, NT reuptake, have pseudopodia-like extensions that surround outer capillary wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

BBB allows…

A

oxygen, carbon dioxide, amino acids, a few sugars, lipid-solube substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

most common CNS tumor in U.S.

A

astrocytoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Principle proteins involved in myellinization in CNS by oligodendroglia cells

A

Myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Examples of demyelinating disorders of CNS

A

MS and Shy-Drager

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Microglia origin

A

Derived from monocytes and macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Problems with microglia cells may result in..

A

alzheimer’s dementia and other dementias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Location of ependymal cells

A

Line the central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of microglia cells

A

Ramified (dormant) until activated by injury. Then phagocytize cells and release cytokines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cranial nerves in pons

A

V, VI, and VII, and part of VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cranial nerves in medulla oblongata

A

CN VIII- XII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does medulla oblongata contain?

A

Respiratory and cardiac centers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many spinal nerves

A

31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

spinal cord extends from

A

Foramen magnum to L2-L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

White matter grouped into..

A

Dorsal, ventral and lateral columns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Meninges composed of 3 layers

A

Dura, arachnoid, and pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is filled with CSF

A

subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pia mater extending from base of the spinal cord and attaches terminally to stabilize cord

A

Filum terminale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What separates cerebellum from inferior portion of occipital lobes?

A

tentorium cerebelli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Infection of meninges

A

Meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Infection of arachnoid and pia mater

A

Leptomeningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

PE finding in Meningitis

A

Brudzinski’s sign-flexion of the hips with raising of the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Types of hematomatas

A

epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid

30
Q

Middle meningeal artery hemorrhage may cause…

A

epidural hematoma

31
Q

cortical bridging veins hemorrhage may cause…

A

subdural hematoma

32
Q

Saccular aneurysm may cause…

A

subarachnoid hematoma

33
Q

Mamillary bodies and infundibulum part of…

A

diencephalon (specifically the hypothalamus)

34
Q

Functions of hypothalamus

A

Heat regulation (temp. control), water balance, hunger, BP, hormone secretion from anterior pituitary, emotional states, and parasympathetic/sympathetic balance

35
Q

Reticular activating system associated with..

A

degrees of consciousness, alertness, and sleep

36
Q

Descending reticular formation involves…

A

balance, equilibrium, autonomic stuff

37
Q

Types of coma

A

Traumatic/vascular, substance abuse, metabolic

38
Q

Differences in types of coma

A

Traumatic/vascular has absent/abnormal pupillary reflexes, increased ICP, and normal EEG. Substance abuse/toxins coma has pupillary reflexes present, normal ICP, and normal EEG. Metablic coma has pupillary reflexes present, ICP normal, and abnormal EEG

39
Q

Glasgow coma score looks at…

A

eye opening, verbal responses, and motor responses

40
Q

Lower or higher score better on GCS?

A

Lower WORSE. Higher BETTER.

41
Q

Left hemisphere dominant for…

A

speech and language

42
Q

Wernicke’s area-

A

supramarginal gyrus plus 41 and 42

43
Q

Broca’s area-

A

Areas 44 and 45

44
Q

Sensory aphasia vs. motor aphasia (areas of brain)

A

Sensory aphasia- Wernicke’s area. Motor aphasia- Broca’s area

45
Q

2 types of sensory aphasia

A

Alexia and auditory aphasia

46
Q

Area 22 in brain

A

Auditory reception area

47
Q

Area 1-3

A

Postcentral gyrus (sensory acitivity)

48
Q

Area 4

A

Precentral gyrus (motor activity)

49
Q

Area 17

A

Occipital lobe (vision)

50
Q

What is alexia and what area of brain is affected?

A

Inability to recognize written words. It involves damage to angular gyrus on dominant side of the brain. A type of sensory aphasia.

51
Q

What is auditory aphasia and what area of brain is involved?

A

Inability to understand speech. Area 22 (auditory reception area) is damaged. A type of sensory aphasia.

52
Q

Does Wernicke’s aphasia involve alexia or auditory aphasia?

A

Both

53
Q

Types of aphasia when broca’s area damaged?

A

Motor (verbal or expressive aphasia)

54
Q

apraxia

A

inability to carry out learned, voluntary acts. (like have to learn how to ride bike all over again)

55
Q

agraphia

A

loss of ability to write

56
Q

agnosia

A

can’t recognize things (but vision is still ok)

57
Q

Can’t recognize faces

A

Prosopagnosia

58
Q

What supplies medial and lateral parts of cerebral hemispheres?

A

Medial- anterior cerebral aa. Lateral- middle cerebral aa.

59
Q

Blood supply to brain includes 3 main arteries

A

Internal carotid a, verebral aa, and Circle of willis

60
Q

Volume of CSF

A

130-150 ml.

61
Q

cistern

A

area where the pia mater and arachnoid mater are far apart. fluid accumulation here.

62
Q

Types of cisterns

A

Cisterna magna, cisterna pontis, cisterna interpeduncularis

63
Q

Where is choroid plexus located and what does it do?

A

In the ventricles. Produces CSF at rate of 30 ml/hr.

64
Q

Locations of ventricles of brain

A

Lateral venticles- located in cerebral hemispheres. Third ventricle- midline, between R and L diencephalon. 4th- between cerebellum and pons

65
Q

Lateral ventricles consist of…

A

anterior, middle, and posterior, and inferior horns

66
Q

Flow of CSF in ventricular system

A

Lateral ventricles- interventricular foramen of monro- third ventricle- cerebral aqueduct- fourth ventricle- foramen of magendie and foramen of lushka- subarachnoid space

67
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Blockage in the ventricular system

68
Q

Hydrocephalus may result from..

A

Failure of development in ventricular system, tumor, encephalitis, failure of reabsoption- may cause overproduction of CSF or cause CSF outflow blockage

69
Q

Spinal HA result of..

A

decreased intracranial pressure

70
Q

LP done…

A

between L3-L4 or L4-L5

71
Q

What results would Increased ICP show?

A

Papilledema seen on opthalmoscopic exam, CT done prior to LP

Clin Med II- Neuro (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions