Neuroanatomy Flashcards
Ganglion
Collection of neurons in PNS tract
Tract
Bundle of axons in CNS
Nerve
Bundle of axons in PNS
Nucleus
- Cell structure that houses DNA
2. Collection of neurons in CNS
PNS
-somatic
- autonomic (visceral PNS):innervates organs, blood vessels, glands
- sympathetic (fight or flight)
- parasympathetic (rest and digest)
CNS
Brain and spinal cord
Afferent
- carry information toward a particular point
- eg. Neurons leaving the eye heading to their synapses in CNS
Efferent
- carrying information away from
- eg. Neurons that leave CNS to synapse on muscles
Dorsal root gangli
-location of sensory neurons (first-order neurons)
Ventral root
The efferent motor root of a spinal nerve
-joins with dorsal root to form a mixed spinal nerve
Major structure
- Cranial nerves: 12 pairs
- ventricles: contain CSF
- meninges: Dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater
Rat brain vs human brain
- rat brain has larger cerebellum proportionally
- rat brain smoother
- both brains have longitudinal fissure
- olfactory bulb larger in rats
Lobes of cortex
- frontal: executive decisions and planning
- parietal: movement, sensory input
- temporal: audition
- hippocampus: thinking/long term memory
- occipital: vision
Cortical layers
- cell types arranged in 6 sheets
- parallel to surface
- nearest layer has few cells (fat and insulation): molecular layer
- pyramidal cells make connections through many layers
- stellate cells make local connections
- at least one cell layer has large pyramidal cells
- sensory layer IV, motor: layer V
Cortical layers
1: axons and dendrites; few cell bodies
2: densely packed stellate cells; a dew small pyramidal cells
3: loosely packed stellate cells; intermediate sized pyramidal cells
4: bands of densely packed stellate cells; no pyramidal cells
5: very large pyramidal cells; a few loosely packed stellate cells
6: pyramidal cells of various sizes; loosely packed stellate cells
White matter: myelinated pyramidal cell axons; few cell bodies
