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Yr 3 > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

telencephalon

A

cerebral hemispheres

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2
Q

diencephalon

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

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3
Q

mesencephalon

A

midbrain

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4
Q

metencephalon

A

pons and cerebellum

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5
Q

myelencephalon

A

medulla oblongata

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6
Q

large lobe anterior to central sulcus and superior to lateral sulcus

A

frontal

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7
Q

posterior to central sulcus, superior to lateral sulcus and anterior to parietoccipital sulcus

A

parietal

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8
Q

posterior to parieto-occipital sulcus

A

occipital

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9
Q

inferior to lateral sulcus and anterior to parieto-occipital sulcus

A

temporal

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10
Q

normally hidden under temporal/parietal, important in experience of pain

A

insula

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11
Q

how many spinal nerves

A

31 paired

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12
Q

where are the enlargements in the spinal cord

A

cervical and lumbar

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13
Q

when does spinal cord terminate

A

about L1/2

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14
Q

where is white/grey matter in spinal cord

A

white outside, grey inside

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15
Q

where does central canal open into

A

4th ventricle

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16
Q

arterial supply of spinal cord

A

3 major longitudinal arteries (1 anterior, 2 posterior) originating from vertebral arteries
segmental arteries and radicular arteries (run along the roots)

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17
Q

venous drainage of spinal cord

A

longitudinal and segmental veins

also epidural venous plexus

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18
Q

DCML

A

ascending

fine touch, proprioception and vibration

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19
Q

STT

A

ascending

pain and temperature (and crude touch)

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20
Q

CST

A

descending

fine precise movement, particularly distal limb muscles

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21
Q

TST

A

descending

reflex head and neck movement due to visual stimuli

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22
Q

RST

A

descending
consciousness and respiratory function
pons fibres - facilitate extensor/inhibit flexor
medulla - opposite

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23
Q

VST

A

excitatory input to antigravity extensors

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24
Q

lobes of cerebellum

A

anterior, posterior flocculonodular

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25
how is cerebellum attached to brainstem
3 white matter peduncles
26
midline of cerebellum
vermis
27
white/grey matter make-up of cerebellum
substantial white matter core but also deep grey matter (deep cerebellar nuclei)
28
histology of outer layer of cerebellum
molecular layer | few neurons but many processes for synaptic connections
29
histology of middle layer of cerebellum
Purkinje layer some of the largest neurons in the brain output cells of the cerebellum
30
histology of inner layer of cerebellum
granular layer | huge numbers of tiny neurons stuck together
31
afferent inputs to cerebellum
spinal cord cerebral cortex vestibular apparatus
32
efferent outputs of cerebellum
via axons of Purkinje to deep cerebellar nuclei which contribute to motor tracts
33
which side of the body do cerebellar hemispheres influence?
Ipsilateral
34
basal ganglia
``` caudate nucleus putamen globus pallidus subthalamic nucleus substantia nigra ```
35
striatum
caudate nucleus and putamen
36
corpus striatum
caudate nucleus and putamen and globus pallidus
37
lenticular nucleus
putamen and globus pallidus
38
basal ganglia - direct pathway
enhances outflow of thalamus, enhancing desired movement
39
basal ganglia - indirect pathway
inhibits outflow of thalamus
40
where do lesions of the basal ganglia effect?
contralateral side of body
41
Brocas area damage
expressive aphasia | difficulty producing language but not understanding
42
Wernickes area damage
receptive aphasia | difficult understanding but not producing`
43
areas of the brain receiving vestibular input
posterior insula | parietal lobe
44
nuclei important in sound localisation
superior olivary nucleus and nucleus of lateral lemniscus
45
role of inferior olivary nucleus
teaches cerebellum how to use motor function
46
where do fibres carrying high freq sound end up
posteromedial part of auditory cortex
47
where do fibres carrying low freq sound end up
anterolateral part of auditory cortex
48
what is the destination of the optic tract
lateral geniculate nucleus | site of first synapse after info leaves the eye
49
where is visual cortex found
occipital lobe
50
what are association fibres, commissural fibres and projection fibres?
association - connect cortical sites in same hemisphere commissural - connect one hemisphere to another of similar function projection - connect hemispheres to deeper structures
51
CN I neuro connection
only sensory modality that does not synapse in thalamus prior to reaching cortex
52
CN II neuro connection
connects to diencephalon
53
CN III neuro connection
connects with midbrain Edinger Westphal nucleus oculomotor nucleus
54
CN IV neuro connection
connects with midbrain | nucleus inferior to oculomotor
55
CN V neuro connection
connects with pons pontine nucleus - discriminative touch and vibration spinal nucleus - pain and temp mesencephalic nucleus - proprioception
56
CN VI neuro connection
connects at pontomedullary junction | nucleus in caudal pons
57
CN VII neuro connection
connects at pontomedullary junction | nucleus part of solitary nucleus in medulla
58
CN VIII neuro connection
connects at pontomedullary junction | vestibular and cochlear nucleus
59
CN IX neuro connection
connects at lateral aspect of superior medulla oblongata | nuclei - inferior salivatory, solitary, nucleus ambiguus
60
CN X neuro connection
connects to lateral aspect of medulla | nuclei - solitary (taste), dorsal motor nucleus (parasymp), nucleus ambiguus (motor)
61
CN XI neuro connection
connects in cervical spinal cord
62
CN XII neuro connection
connects via many rootlets lateral to medullary pyramids | nuclei in medulla

Yr 3 (8 decks)

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