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Yr 3 > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

telencephalon

A

cerebral hemispheres

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2
Q

diencephalon

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

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3
Q

mesencephalon

A

midbrain

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4
Q

metencephalon

A

pons and cerebellum

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5
Q

myelencephalon

A

medulla oblongata

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6
Q

large lobe anterior to central sulcus and superior to lateral sulcus

A

frontal

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7
Q

posterior to central sulcus, superior to lateral sulcus and anterior to parietoccipital sulcus

A

parietal

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8
Q

posterior to parieto-occipital sulcus

A

occipital

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9
Q

inferior to lateral sulcus and anterior to parieto-occipital sulcus

A

temporal

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10
Q

normally hidden under temporal/parietal, important in experience of pain

A

insula

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11
Q

how many spinal nerves

A

31 paired

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12
Q

where are the enlargements in the spinal cord

A

cervical and lumbar

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13
Q

when does spinal cord terminate

A

about L1/2

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14
Q

where is white/grey matter in spinal cord

A

white outside, grey inside

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15
Q

where does central canal open into

A

4th ventricle

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16
Q

arterial supply of spinal cord

A

3 major longitudinal arteries (1 anterior, 2 posterior) originating from vertebral arteries
segmental arteries and radicular arteries (run along the roots)

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17
Q

venous drainage of spinal cord

A

longitudinal and segmental veins

also epidural venous plexus

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18
Q

DCML

A

ascending

fine touch, proprioception and vibration

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19
Q

STT

A

ascending

pain and temperature (and crude touch)

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20
Q

CST

A

descending

fine precise movement, particularly distal limb muscles

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21
Q

TST

A

descending

reflex head and neck movement due to visual stimuli

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22
Q

RST

A

descending
consciousness and respiratory function
pons fibres - facilitate extensor/inhibit flexor
medulla - opposite

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23
Q

VST

A

excitatory input to antigravity extensors

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24
Q

lobes of cerebellum

A

anterior, posterior flocculonodular

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25
Q

how is cerebellum attached to brainstem

A

3 white matter peduncles

26
Q

midline of cerebellum

A

vermis

27
Q

white/grey matter make-up of cerebellum

A

substantial white matter core but also deep grey matter (deep cerebellar nuclei)

28
Q

histology of outer layer of cerebellum

A

molecular layer

few neurons but many processes for synaptic connections

29
Q

histology of middle layer of cerebellum

A

Purkinje layer
some of the largest neurons in the brain
output cells of the cerebellum

30
Q

histology of inner layer of cerebellum

A

granular layer

huge numbers of tiny neurons stuck together

31
Q

afferent inputs to cerebellum

A

spinal cord
cerebral cortex
vestibular apparatus

32
Q

efferent outputs of cerebellum

A

via axons of Purkinje to deep cerebellar nuclei which contribute to motor tracts

33
Q

which side of the body do cerebellar hemispheres influence?

A

Ipsilateral

34
Q

basal ganglia

A 
caudate nucleus
putamen 
globus pallidus 
subthalamic nucleus 
substantia nigra
35
Q

striatum

A

caudate nucleus and putamen

36
Q

corpus striatum

A

caudate nucleus and putamen and globus pallidus

37
Q

lenticular nucleus

A

putamen and globus pallidus

38
Q

basal ganglia - direct pathway

A

enhances outflow of thalamus, enhancing desired movement

39
Q

basal ganglia - indirect pathway

A

inhibits outflow of thalamus

40
Q

where do lesions of the basal ganglia effect?

A

contralateral side of body

41
Q

Brocas area damage

A

expressive aphasia

difficulty producing language but not understanding

42
Q

Wernickes area damage

A

receptive aphasia

difficult understanding but not producing`

43
Q

areas of the brain receiving vestibular input

A

posterior insula

parietal lobe

44
Q

nuclei important in sound localisation

A

superior olivary nucleus and nucleus of lateral lemniscus

45
Q

role of inferior olivary nucleus

A

teaches cerebellum how to use motor function

46
Q

where do fibres carrying high freq sound end up

A

posteromedial part of auditory cortex

47
Q

where do fibres carrying low freq sound end up

A

anterolateral part of auditory cortex

48
Q

what is the destination of the optic tract

A

lateral geniculate nucleus

site of first synapse after info leaves the eye

49
Q

where is visual cortex found

A

occipital lobe

50
Q

what are association fibres, commissural fibres and projection fibres?

A

association - connect cortical sites in same hemisphere
commissural - connect one hemisphere to another of similar function
projection - connect hemispheres to deeper structures

51
Q

CN I neuro connection

A

only sensory modality that does not synapse in thalamus prior to reaching cortex

52
Q

CN II neuro connection

A

connects to diencephalon

53
Q

CN III neuro connection

A

connects with midbrain
Edinger Westphal nucleus
oculomotor nucleus

54
Q

CN IV neuro connection

A

connects with midbrain

nucleus inferior to oculomotor

55
Q

CN V neuro connection

A

connects with pons
pontine nucleus - discriminative touch and vibration
spinal nucleus - pain and temp
mesencephalic nucleus - proprioception

56
Q

CN VI neuro connection

A

connects at pontomedullary junction

nucleus in caudal pons

57
Q

CN VII neuro connection

A

connects at pontomedullary junction

nucleus part of solitary nucleus in medulla

58
Q

CN VIII neuro connection

A

connects at pontomedullary junction

vestibular and cochlear nucleus

59
Q

CN IX neuro connection

A

connects at lateral aspect of superior medulla oblongata

nuclei - inferior salivatory, solitary, nucleus ambiguus

60
Q

CN X neuro connection

A

connects to lateral aspect of medulla

nuclei - solitary (taste), dorsal motor nucleus (parasymp), nucleus ambiguus (motor)

61
Q

CN XI neuro connection

A

connects in cervical spinal cord

62
Q

CN XII neuro connection

A

connects via many rootlets lateral to medullary pyramids

nuclei in medulla

Yr 3 (8 decks)

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