Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Signs and Symptoms of Frontal Lobe Deficits

Answer 1

GOLD PPALS

Gait apraxia
Optic nerve compression (optic atrophy)
Leg weakness (parasagittal)
Dysphasia (expressive), dysgraphia
Personality Change
Primitive Reflexes (e.g. grasp and pout)
Anosmia
Loss of micturition control
Seizures

Question 2

Signs and Symptoms of Temporal Lobe Deficits

Answer 2

MUDS

Memory loss
Upper quadrantic hemianopia
Dysphasia (receptive if dominant lobe)
Seizures

Question 3

Signs and Symptoms of Parietal Lobe Deficits

Answer 3

GDNNS

Gerstmann’s Syndrome (dominant)
- Acalculia
- Agraphia
- Left-right disorientation
- Finger agnosia
Dysphasia (dominant)
Non-dominant signs
- Sensory and visual inattention
- Construction and dressing apraxia
- Spatial neglect and inattention
Non-localising parietal signs
- Lower quadrantic hemianopia
- Astereognosis
Seizures

Question 4

Signs and Symptoms of Occipital Lobe Deficits

Answer 4

HAS

Homonymous hemianopia
Alexia (inability to read; word blindness)
Seizures (flashing light aura)

Question 5

Signs and Symptoms of Cerebellum Deficits

Answer 5

DASHING

Dysdiadochokinesia
Ataxia
Speech
Hypotonia
Intension Tremor
Nystagmus
Gait disturbances

Question 6

Signs and Symptoms of Brain Stem Deficits

Answer 6

DDDIV

Decreased vital capacity
Dysphagia (swallowing)
Difficulty with balance and movement
Insomnia, sleep apnoea (sleeping difficulties)
Vertigo (dizziness and nausea)