Neuroanatomy 2

Question 1

what are the 3 membranes of connective tissues of meninges?

Answer 1

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Question 2

what is dura mater?

Answer 2

thick layer of dense connective tissue that attaches to the inner surface of the neurocranium in the skull but is separated from the walls of the vertebral canal by the epidural space

Question 3

what are the two layers of the dura mater?

Answer 3

periosteal layer and meningeal layer

Question 4

the periosteal layer is attached to…

Answer 4

the inner surface of cranial cavities

Question 5

the meningeal layer separates from the periosteal layer in several locations to form 2 distinct structures which are?

Answer 5

dural reflections and dural sinuses

Question 6

what are dural reflections?

Answer 6

form incomplete partitions to divide the cranial cavity into some compartments

Question 7

what do the dural reflections include?

Answer 7

• flax cerebri
• tentorium cerebelli
• flax cerebelli

Question 8

what is flax cerebri?

Answer 8

a sagittal sickle shape reflection of the dura mater that occupies the longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum and partially separates the cerebral hemispheres

Question 9

what is tentorium cerebelli?

Answer 9

tent-like horizontal sheet that intervenes between the cerebellum and occipital lobe of the cerebral hemispheres

Question 10

what is the flax cerebelli?

Answer 10

less prominent vertical reflection of the dura in the sagittal plane along the vermis that partially separates the cerebellar hemispheres

Question 11

what are dural sinuses?

Answer 11

drain the venous blood of the brain to the circulatory system

Question 12

the superfical veins of the brain are collected by…

Answer 12

the dural sinuses

Question 13

what are the 5 types of main dural sinuses?

Answer 13

• cavernous sinuses
• superior and inferior sagittal sinuses
• straight sinus
• transverse sinuses
• sigmoid sinuses

Question 14

explain cavernous sinuses

Answer 14

pair of sinuses located in the middle cranial fossa on either side of the hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone and collect the venous blood of the orbitial cavity contents

Question 15

explain superior and inferior sagittal sinuses

Answer 15

unpaired sinuses contained within the superior and inferior margins of the falx cerebri

Question 16

explain straight sinus

Answer 16

unpaired short sinus that receives the posterior end of the inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein and joins the posterior end of the superior saigittal sinus

Question 17

explain the transverse sinuses

Answer 17

paired sinuses housed in the posterior margin of the tentorium cerebelli and receive the superior sagittal and straight sinuses

Question 18

explain the sigmoid sinuses

Answer 18

paired sinuses located in a groove on the interior surface of the mastoid process of temporal bones. These sinuses receive all other dural sinuses (directly or indirectly) empty into the internal jugular veins

Question 19

the deep veins of the brain are mostly received by the ? that in turn, drains into the straight sinus

Answer 19

great cerebral vein

Question 20

what is the arachnoid mater?

Answer 20

thin layer of loos connective tissue attached to the inner surface of the dura mater

Question 21

what is between the arachnoid mater and pia mater?

Answer 21

subarachnoid space (containing the CSF)

Question 22

what is the space between the endpoint of the spinal cord and vertebra S2 called and contains the roots of the spinal nerve and CSF?

Answer 22

lumbar cistern

Question 23

what are arachnoid granulations (villi)

Answer 23

small finger-like projections of the arachnoid mater, mainly on the superior part of the brain, that drain the CSF into the dural sinuses

Question 24

what is the pia mater?

Answer 24

delicate, thin layer of connective tissue that is intimately in touch with the surface of the brain and spinal cord

Question 25

pia mater carries the blood vessels to the depth of the nervous tissue. T or F

Answer 25

True

Question 26

what are the denticulate ligaments?

Answer 26

lateral triangular extensions of the pia mater that anchor the spinal cord to the deep surface of the arachnoid and dura mater

Question 27

what is the filum terminate?

Answer 27

an extension of the pia mater arising from the conus medullaris that extends inferiorly and fuses with the arachnoid and dura mater to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx

Question 28

meninges of the spinal cord (outside to inside) general layers?

Answer 28

epidural space -> dura mater -> subdural space (if pathologically) -> arachnoid mater -> subarachnoid space -> pia mater

Question 29

what are dural sleeve?

Answer 29

sacs in the dura mater of the spinal cord that covers the spinal cord with bony attachments at foramen magnum, C1- C2 and at the level of S2

Question 30

The ventricular system is composed of?

Answer 30

2 lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, and 4th ventricle

Question 31

what are the choroid plexuses?

Answer 31

specialized arterial plexuses located within the ventricular spaces which functions to produce cerebrospinal fluid “CSF” from arterial blood

Question 32

CSF functions:

Answer 32

• serves as nutrient delivery and waste removal system for the brain tissue
• enters subarachnoid space to provide fluid cushion around brain and spinal cord

Question 33

where does the CSF goes after it performs its role within the CNS?

Answer 33

absorbed by the venous system

Question 34

vertebro-basilar system:

Answer 34

a. vertebral arteries
b. basiclar artery
c. posterior cerebral artery
d. posterior communicating arteries
e. posterior anterior inferior cerebellar artery
f. superior cerebellar

Question 35

carotid system:

Answer 35

a. middle cerebral artery
b. anterior cerebral artery
c. anterior communicating artery

Question 36

circle of willis is made by:

Answer 36

the right and left internal carotid artery enters the cranial cavity and each one divides into 2 main branches: the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA)