Neuroanatomy 2 Flashcards
what are the 3 membranes of connective tissues of meninges?
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater
what is dura mater?
thick layer of dense connective tissue that attaches to the inner surface of the neurocranium in the skull but is separated from the walls of the vertebral canal by the epidural space
what are the two layers of the dura mater?
periosteal layer and meningeal layer
the periosteal layer is attached to…
the inner surface of cranial cavities
the meningeal layer separates from the periosteal layer in several locations to form 2 distinct structures which are?
dural reflections and dural sinuses
what are dural reflections?
form incomplete partitions to divide the cranial cavity into some compartments
what do the dural reflections include?
- flax cerebri
- tentorium cerebelli
- flax cerebelli
what is flax cerebri?
a sagittal sickle shape reflection of the dura mater that occupies the longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum and partially separates the cerebral hemispheres
what is tentorium cerebelli?
tent-like horizontal sheet that intervenes between the cerebellum and occipital lobe of the cerebral hemispheres
what is the flax cerebelli?
less prominent vertical reflection of the dura in the sagittal plane along the vermis that partially separates the cerebellar hemispheres
what are dural sinuses?
drain the venous blood of the brain to the circulatory system
the superfical veins of the brain are collected by…
the dural sinuses
what are the 5 types of main dural sinuses?
- cavernous sinuses
- superior and inferior sagittal sinuses
- straight sinus
- transverse sinuses
- sigmoid sinuses
explain cavernous sinuses
pair of sinuses located in the middle cranial fossa on either side of the hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone and collect the venous blood of the orbitial cavity contents
explain superior and inferior sagittal sinuses
unpaired sinuses contained within the superior and inferior margins of the falx cerebri
explain straight sinus
unpaired short sinus that receives the posterior end of the inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein and joins the posterior end of the superior saigittal sinus
explain the transverse sinuses
paired sinuses housed in the posterior margin of the tentorium cerebelli and receive the superior sagittal and straight sinuses
explain the sigmoid sinuses
paired sinuses located in a groove on the interior surface of the mastoid process of temporal bones. These sinuses receive all other dural sinuses (directly or indirectly) empty into the internal jugular veins
the deep veins of the brain are mostly received by the ? that in turn, drains into the straight sinus
great cerebral vein
what is the arachnoid mater?
thin layer of loos connective tissue attached to the inner surface of the dura mater
what is between the arachnoid mater and pia mater?
subarachnoid space (containing the CSF)
what is the space between the endpoint of the spinal cord and vertebra S2 called and contains the roots of the spinal nerve and CSF?
lumbar cistern
what are arachnoid granulations (villi)
small finger-like projections of the arachnoid mater, mainly on the superior part of the brain, that drain the CSF into the dural sinuses
what is the pia mater?
delicate, thin layer of connective tissue that is intimately in touch with the surface of the brain and spinal cord
pia mater carries the blood vessels to the depth of the nervous tissue. T or F
True
what are the denticulate ligaments?
lateral triangular extensions of the pia mater that anchor the spinal cord to the deep surface of the arachnoid and dura mater
what is the filum terminate?
an extension of the pia mater arising from the conus medullaris that extends inferiorly and fuses with the arachnoid and dura mater to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx
meninges of the spinal cord (outside to inside) general layers?
epidural space -> dura mater -> subdural space (if pathologically) -> arachnoid mater -> subarachnoid space -> pia mater
what are dural sleeve?
sacs in the dura mater of the spinal cord that covers the spinal cord with bony attachments at foramen magnum, C1- C2 and at the level of S2
The ventricular system is composed of?
2 lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, and 4th ventricle
what are the choroid plexuses?
specialized arterial plexuses located within the ventricular spaces which functions to produce cerebrospinal fluid “CSF” from arterial blood
CSF functions:
- serves as nutrient delivery and waste removal system for the brain tissue
- enters subarachnoid space to provide fluid cushion around brain and spinal cord
where does the CSF goes after it performs its role within the CNS?
absorbed by the venous system
vertebro-basilar system:
a. vertebral arteries
b. basiclar artery
c. posterior cerebral artery
d. posterior communicating arteries
e. posterior anterior inferior cerebellar artery
f. superior cerebellar
carotid system:
a. middle cerebral artery
b. anterior cerebral artery
c. anterior communicating artery
circle of willis is made by:
the right and left internal carotid artery enters the cranial cavity and each one divides into 2 main branches: the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA)
