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biological psychology > neuroanatomy > Flashcards

neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the CNS made up of

A
  • brain
  • spinal cord
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2
Q

what is the PNS made up of

A

nerves - motor pathways, sensory pathways

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3
Q

what are the 3 main parts of the brain

A
  • cerebrum
  • cerebellum
  • brain stem
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4
Q

what is contralateral

A

on the opposite side

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5
Q

what is ipsilateral

A

on the same side

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6
Q

what percentage of blood flow from the heart does the brain receive

A

20%

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7
Q

what is the top part of the brain known as

A

dorsal/superior

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8
Q

what is the front of the brain called

A

rostral/anterior

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9
Q

what is the bottom of the brain called

A

ventral/inferior

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10
Q

what is the back of the brain called

A

caudal/posterior

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11
Q

what does medial mean

A

towards the middle

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12
Q

what does lateral mean

A

towards the side

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13
Q

what plane is parallel to the forehead

A

frontal/coronal

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14
Q

what plane is the side view

A

sagittal

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15
Q

what plane is parallel to the ground

A

horizontal

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16
Q

what does the grey matter consist of

A

cell bodies and dendrites

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17
Q

what does the white matter consist of

A
  • myelinated axons
  • corpus collosum
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18
Q

what is the corpus collosum

A

a pathway that connects left and right side of hemispheres

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19
Q

what are meninges

A

3 layers of tissue that protect the brain and spinal cord

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20
Q

what are the 3 types of meninges

A
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid membrane
  • pia matter
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21
Q

what is cerebrospinal fluid

A

a clear liquid that fills the subarachnoid space
- functions are shock absorber and buoyancy

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22
Q

what are ventricles

A
  • hollow cavities that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid
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23
Q

what is the blood brain barrier

A

a semipermeable membrane
- lipid soluble substances can pass through
- substances with larger molecules must be actively transported through walls

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24
Q

what is the purpose of the blood brain barrier

A
  • maintain a stable environment
  • protection from potentially disrupting chemicals
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25
what is the cerebral cortex
outer surface of the cerebrum
26
how thick is the cerebral cortex
3mm
27
what are sulci in the cerebral cortex
clefts/cracks/grooves
28
what are fissures in the cerebral cortex
major grooves
29
what are gyri in the cerebral cortex
folds/bulges
30
what are the 4 lobes in the cerebral cortex
- frontal - parietal - occipital - temporal
31
what are the major sulci and gyri
- central sulcus - precentral gyrus - postcentral gyrus - sylvian fissure
32
where is the frontal lobe
anterior area of the cortex, rostral to parietal lobe, dorsal to temporal lobe
33
how is the frontal lobe divided from the parietal lobe
the central sulcus
34
what is the function of the frontal lobe
motor and cognition
35
where is the parietal lobe
caudal to frontal lobe, dorsal to temporal lobe
36
what is the function of the parietal lobe
somatosensory
37
where is the occipital lobe
caudal to parietal and temporal lobes
38
what is the function of the occipital lobe
vision
39
where is the temporal lobe
rostral to occipital lobe and ventral to parietal and frontal lobe
40
what are the functions of the temporal lobe
- hearing - vision - cognition - emotion
41
what are the primary areas of the brain (cortex's)
- primary somatosensory - primary visual - primary auditory - primary motor
42
what lobe is the motor cortex
frontal
43
what lobe is the somatosensory
- parietal
44
what lobe is the visual cortex
temporal and occipital
45
what lobe is the auditory cortex in
temporal
46
what are the 2 subdivisions of the forebrain/prosencephalon
- telencephalon - end brain - diencephalon - interbrain
47
what are the principle structures of the telencephalon
- cerebral cortex - basal ganglia - limbic system
48
what are the principle structures of the diencephalon
- thalamus - hypothalamus
49
what are the principle structures of the midbrain/mesencephalon
- tectum - tegmentum
50
what are the 2 subdivisions of the hindbrain/rhombencephalon
- metencephalon - myelencephalon
51
what are the principle structures of the metencephalon
- cerebellum - pons
52
what are the principle structures of the myelencephalon
- medulla oblongata
53
what is the basal ganglia
- collection of nuclei
54
what are the parts of the basal ganglia
- caudate nucleus - putamen - globus pallidus
55
what are the caudate nucleus and the putamen called together
- striatum - looks stripy
56
what can lesions in the basal ganglia cause
- parkinson's - huntington's
57
what is within the limbic system
- limbic cortex - hippocampus - amygdala - fornix - mammillary bodies
58
what is the limbic system important for
- emotion - learning/memory
59
what is the amygdala important for
- emotional memory - fear-related behaviour - SM amygdala damage from calcium - didn't show fear in scary situations
60
where is the hippocampus located
temporal lobe
61
what is the hippocampus important for
consolidating memory - patient H.M spatial navigation
62
what is the thalamus
- two lobes separated by massa intermedia - receives info from and sends info to the cortex
63
what is the thalamus divided into
- lateral geniculate nucleus - medial geniculate nucleus - ventrolateral nucleus
64
what is the hypothalamus
- controls autonomic nervous system - connected to pituitary gland
65
what is the tectum made up of
- superior colliculi - visual processing - inferior colliculi - auditory processing
66
what is the tegmentum made up of
- reticular formation - periaqueductal gray matter - red nucleus - substance nigra
67
what is the reticular formation
- net like structure of grey and white matter important for sleep, attention, arousal and movement
68
what is the periaqueductal grey matter
- involved in species typical behaviour
69
what is the red nucleus
important for linv movement
70
what is the substantia nigra
- important for initiating movement
71
what are pons
- bridge - relays info from cortex to cerebellum - important for sleep and arousal
72
what is the cerebellum important for
- coordination of movement - 2 hemispheres - big surface area - receives info and integrates it and modifies the motor output
73
what is the medulla oblongata
- regulation of cardiovascular system, respiration, and skeletal muscle tonus

biological psychology (10 decks)

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