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frontal and parietal lobes Flashcards

1
Q

what is the central sulcus

A

boundary from parietal lobe with frontal lobe

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2
Q

what is the parieto-occipital fissure

A

boundary between parietal and occipital

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3
Q

what is macro-anatomical

A
  • means based on sulci and gyri
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4
Q

what is the lateral sulcus/sylvian fissure

A
  • boundary between parietal and temporal lobe
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5
Q

what are the subdivisions of the posterior parietal lobe

A
  • superior parietal lobule
  • intraparietal sulcus
  • inferior parietal lobule
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6
Q

what are the major functional subdivisions of the posterior parietal cortex

A
  • intraparietal sulcus and superior parietal lobule
  • right inferior parietal lobule
  • left anterior parietal lobule
  • left posterior inferior parietal lobe
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7
Q

what is the main role of the primary somatosensory cortex

A
  • processing information about body sensations
  • touch
  • pain
  • proprioception - map of various body part locations
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8
Q

what are the four subdivisions of the primary somatosensory cortex

A
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3a
  • 3b
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9
Q

what is the input of the primary somatosensory cortex

A
  • mainly from the thalamus and motor cortex
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10
Q

what is the output of the primary somatosensory cortex

A
  • mainly to motor cortex and posterior parietal cortex
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11
Q

what did penfield and boldrey do to create the somatopic map

A
  • inserted electrodes in the somatosensory cortex of epileptic patients just before operating on them
  • he stimulated different parts of the somatosensory cortex and recorded the sensation reported by the patients
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12
Q

what is the intraparietal sulcus and superior parietal lobule

A
  • vision for action - dorsal visual stream
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13
Q

what can bilateral lesions in the intraparietal sulcus and superior parietal lobule cause

A
  • optic ataxia
  • oculomotor
  • simultanagnosia
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14
Q

what is optic ataxia

A
  • deficit in visually guided reaching movements
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15
Q

what is oculomotor apraxia

A

inappropriate fixation of gaze and difficulties in voluntary shifting fixation to other objects

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16
Q

what is simultanagnosia

A
  • impaired ability to perceive multiple items of visual display
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17
Q

what does the right inferior parietal lobe do

A
  • detect salient events in the environment; shift attention
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18
Q

according to Singh-Curry and Husain 2009 what is a key role of the right inferior parietal lobe

A

maintaining attention on current task goals and encoding salient events for rapid task-set reconfiguration

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19
Q

what aspect of attention is the right inferior parietal lobe involved in regarding salient and novel events

A

detection and encoding

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20
Q

what is bottom up attention in terms of right inferior parietal lobe

A

detection and encoding of salient or novel events that come up from stimuli via the senses, which the brain then interprets

21
Q

how does the right inferior lobe contribute to dealing with new challenges

A

by maintaining attention on current task goals and encoding salient events, allowing tasks to be speedily reconfigured

22
Q

what does a lesion in the right inferior parietal lobe lead to

A

hemispatial neglect

23
Q

according to reynaud et al 2016 what does the left anterior parietal lobe do

A
  • understanding tool-use actions
  • lesions in this area - apraxia with possible impairments such as; imitation of gestures, communicative gestures, real tool use
24
Q

what does the left posterior inferior parietal lobe do

A

detect salient events in ones thoughts
- semantic processing
- reading and comprehension
- default mode processing
- number processing
- memory retrieval
- theory of mind
- integrative account for more posterior areas
- bottum up attention to internally generated stimuli
- contrasts from the right inferior parietal lobe which relies on bottom up info from environmental stimuli

25
what are the three main subdivisions of the frontal lobe
- primary motor cortex - giant betz cells in layer v - premotor cortex - no granular cells in layer IV - prefrontal cortex - granular cells in layer IV
26
what is Brodmann's classic contribution to understanding the brain
a cytoarchitectonic map, dividing the cortex into distinct areas based on cellular structure
27
what brodmann area corresponds to the primary motor cortex
BA 4
28
what brodmann area corresponds to the premotor cortex
BA 6
29
what brodmann area is described as the transition area
BA 44
30
according to zilles and amunts 2010 what brodmann areas constitute broca's area
BAs 44 and 45
31
what are the functions of the motor cortex
- control of skeletal muscles together with other structures, most notable, basal ganglia, thalamus and cerebellum - roughly somatotopically organised
32
what are the functions of the premotor cortex
- movement planning - movement selection - movement sequencing - inhibitory control of motor cortex
33
what neuropsychological test, developed by Milner is used to assess frontal lobe function
verbal fluency test
34
what is the common procedure of the verbal fluency test
- pps asked to write down as many words possible beginning with a specific letter within a time limit and this may be repeated with other letters
35
what cognitive ability does the verbal fluency test assess
executive functions related to verbal production, including initiation, strategy use and monitoring
36
what neuropsychological test developed by milner is used to assess frontal lobe function - cognitive flexibility
wisconsin card sorting task
37
what is perseveration in the wisconsin card sorting tes t
perseveration is the tendency to continue using a sorting rule that is no longer correct, indicating difficulty with cognitive flexibility and adapting to new feedback
38
what does the wisconsin card sorting test involved
pps presented with cards that vary in colour, shape and number of symbols and are asked to sort them according to a rule that changes periodically
39
what is the stroop task and what does it assess
- pps are presented with words printed in diff colours and are asked to name either the colour of the ink or read the word - assesses inhibitory control, the ability to suppress irrelevant information or a dominant response
40
what is the tower of london task and what does it assess
- pps are presented with a start position and a goal position of coloured beads on pegs and must move the beads from the start to the goal in a specific number of moves - assesses planning, sequencing of actions, working memory and goal directed behaviour
41
what are issues with traditional approaches to studying frontal lobe functions
- sensitivity - ability of test to identify those with prefrontal lesions - specificity - ability of test to not identify those impaired by lesions in other areas - not all patients with frontal lesions have difficulties - some patients with no lesions have difficulties
42
what basic approach did stuss and alexander take to assess frontal lobe function
- simple tests focusing on single processes - they manipulated difficulty and context of the simple tests
42
what cognitive model is is the basic approach by stuss and alexander based on
norman and shallices supervisory attention system
43
what other recent approach did stuss and alexander take
lesion symptom mapping
44
what did stuss conclude the lateral PFC was responsible for
- executive functions - left - task setting - right - monitoring
45
what did stuss conclude the dorsomedial PFC was responsible for
energisation
46
what did stuss conclude the orbital PFC was responsible for
behavioural and emotional self regulation
47
what did stuss conclude the polar PFC was responsible for
metacognition

biological psychology (10 decks)

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