Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

acem primarys > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What does a nerve fiber consist of?

A

An axon, a neurolemma and surrounding endoneurial connective tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do large or small myelinated or unmyelinated fibres conduct faster?

A

Larger myelinated fibers conduct faster than smaller unmyelinated fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What types of nerves are myelinated?

A

A & B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What types of nerves are unmyelinated?

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do A alpha nerves transmit?

A

Somatic, motor and proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the diameter of different types of A nerves?

A

Alpha - 16um
Beta - 8um
Gamma - 4um
Delta - 4um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the speed of the different A type nerves?

A

Alpha - 100m/s
Beta - 50m/s
Gamma - 25m/s
Delta - 25m/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do A beta nerves transmit?

A

Touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do A gamma nerves transmit?

A

Motor to muscle spindles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do A delta nerves transmit?

A

Pain and temperature (fast pain or epicritic pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do B nerves transmit?

A

Preganglionic autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the diameter and speed of B nerves?

A

Diameter - 2um
Speed - 12.5m/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does a C type nerve transmit?

A

Pain and temperature (slow pain and protopathic pain)
Postganglionic sympathetic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the diameter and speed of C nerves?

A

Diameter - 1um
Speed - 2m/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the umbilicus dermatome?

A

T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What dermatome supplies the nipple?

A

T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the largest cranial nerve?

A

Trigeminal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does the sensory root for the trigeminal root lie?

A

In the trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion that is at the apex of the petrous temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where do the motor neurons of the trigeminal nerve begin?

A

The upper pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where do the cranial nerve nucleis lie?

A

First 4 cranial nerve nuclei lie above the pons
Second 4 lie in the pons
Last 4 lie below the pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a myotome?

A

A unilateral muscle mass receiving intervention from fibres conveyed by a single spinal nerve (from the anterior ramus division)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a myotome?

A

A unilateral muscle mass receiving intervention from fibres conveyed by a single spinal nerve (from the anterior ramus division)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What myotomes do knee flexion?

A

L5, S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What nerves do shoulder adduction and medial rotation?

A

C6, C7, C8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What myotome does great toe extension?

A

L5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What myotome does tibialis anterior and posterior and inversion of the foot?

A

L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What myotome does extensor hallucis longus and extension of the great toe?

A

L5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What myotome does gastrocnemius, plantarflexion of the foot, ankle jerk?

A

S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What myotome does small muscles of the foot?

A

S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What nerves do pronation?

A

C7, C8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What nerve supplies general sensation of the mucosa of the anterior two thirds of the tongue?

A

The lingual nerve - a branch of CN V3 - cell bodies in the trigeminal ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What nerve supplies taste on the tongue?

A

The chorda tympani nerve, a branch of CN VII - cell bodies in the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What action does C5/6 do?

A

Elbow flexion

34
Q

What action does C6 do?

A

Elbow extension, wrist extension, supination, arm adduction, medial rotation of the arm

35
Q

What action does C7 do?

A

Incorporated into many myotomes/actions (medial rotation of elbow, adduction of arm, arm extension, elbow extension, hand flexion, pronation, digital extension and flexion

36
Q

What action does C7/C8 do?

A

Digital flexion and extension and pronation of the hand

37
Q

What does the L3 dermatome supply?

A

Anterior and medial thigh and knee

38
Q

What does dermatome L4 supply?

A

Medial leg, medial ankle and side of foot

39
Q

What dermatome does L5 do?

A

Lateral leg, dorsum of foot, medial sole, 1-3 toes

40
Q

What does dermatome S1 supply?

A

Lateral ankle, lateral side of dorsum and sole of foot, 4-5 toes

41
Q

What does dermatome S2 supply?

A

Posterior leg, posterior thigh, buttocks and penis

42
Q

What action does L2,L3 do?

A

Hip flexion

43
Q

What action does L4, L5 do?

A

Hip extension
Ankle dorsiflexion

44
Q

What action does L5, S1 do?

A

Knee flexion

45
Q

What action does L3, L4 do?

A

Knee extension

46
Q

What action does S1 and S2 do?

A

Ankle plantarflexion

47
Q

What are the roots that make up the brachial plexus?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1

48
Q

What are the sections of the brachial plexus called?

A

Roots -> trunks -> divisions -> cords -> branches

49
Q

What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

Superior middle and inferior

50
Q

Which roots make up which trunks in the brachial plexus?

A

C5&6 - superior
C7 - middle
C8/T - inferior

51
Q

Which trunks make up the cords of the brachial plexus

A

Superior and middle - lateral cord
Superior, middle and inferior - posterior cord
Inferior - medial cord

52
Q

Which cords make up the branches of the brachial plexus?

A

Musculocutaneous - lateral cord
Axillary and radial - posterior cord
Median - lateral and medial cord
Ulnar - medial cord

53
Q

Where do the roots of the brachial plexus lie?

A

Behind the scalenus anterior muscle

54
Q

Where do the roots of the brachial plexus emerge and form the trunks?

A

They emerge between the scalenus anterior muscle and the scalenus medius to form the trunks which cross the lower part of the posterior division behind the clavicle.

55
Q

Where do the trunks of the brachial plexus divide into anterior and posterior?

A

Each of the three trunks divides into an anterior and a posterior division behind the clavicle

56
Q

Where do the cords of the brachial plexus enter the axilla?

A

These three cords enter the axilla above the first part of the axillary artery, approach and embrace its second part, and give off their branches around its third part

57
Q

What is Erb’s palsy?

A

Erb’s palsy results in a medially rotated arm with the elbow in extension

58
Q

At what level would injury to the brachial plexus affect the nerve supply to the supra and infraspinatous?

A

At the level of the trunks or proximal to them

59
Q

What weakness will there be if there is ulnar nerve injury?

A

Weakness to the ulnar part of the hand

60
Q

Does the posterior pituatory lie inside or outside the blood brain barrier?

A

Outside

61
Q

What eye muscles are used for eye abduction?

A

The superior and inferior recti

62
Q

What actions does the inferior rectus muscle do?

A

Depressed, adducts and laterally rotates the eye

63
Q

What do the oblique eye muscles do?

A

Adduction

64
Q

What cranial nerve moves the muscles of mastication?

A

The motor root of the mandibular nerve (CNV3)

65
Q

Which cranial nerves arise from the cerebrum?

A

The first two nerves (olfactory and optic)

66
Q

Which nerves emerge from the brainstem?

A

The last ten (III - XII)

67
Q

Which cranial nerve arises from the midbrain?

A

The trochlear nerve (IV) comes from the posterior side of the midbrain

68
Q

Which of the cranial nerves has the longest intracranial length?

A

The trochlear nerve (IV)

69
Q

Which cranial nerve arises from the midbrain-pontine junction?

A

Oculomotor (III)

70
Q

Which cranial nerves arises from the pontine-medulla junction?

A

Abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear (VI-VIII)

71
Q

Which cranial nerves come from the medulla oblongata?

A

Posterior to the olive: glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory (IX-XI)
Anterior to the olive: hypoglossal (XII)

72
Q

Which cranial nerve passes through the cribiform plate?

A

CN I

73
Q

Which cranial nerve passes from the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve (CN II)

74
Q

Which cranial nerves come through the superior orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor (CN III)
Trochlear (CN IV)
Ophthalmic (CN V1)
Abducens (CN VI)

75
Q

What cranial nerve goes through the foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary (CN V2)

76
Q

Which cranial nerve goes through the foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular (CN V3)

77
Q

Which cranial nerves go through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Facial (CN VII)
Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

78
Q

Which cranial nerves go through the jugular foramen?

A

Glosopharyngeal (CN IX)
Vagus (CN X)
Accessory (CN XI)

79
Q

Which cranial nerve goes through the hypoglossal canal?

A

Hypoglossal (CN XII)

80
Q

Why do patients receiving epidural anaesthesia develop headaches less frequently than with spinal anaesthesia?

A

With epidural anaesthesia, headache does not occur because the vertebral epidural space is not continuous with the cranial epidural space

81
Q

Where does the epidural space terminate?

A

Superiorly at the foramen magnum and laterally at the IV foramina. So epidural anaesthetic cannot ascend beyond the foramen magnum

acem primarys (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions