Anatomy Head And Neck

Question 1

What does the buffalo branch of the facial nerve supply?

Answer 1

The muscle of the upper lip (upper party’s of the orbicularis oris and inferior fibres of levator labii superioris)

Question 2

How do most parts of the cranial base develop?

Answer 2

By endochondral ossification

Question 3

How do the bones of the Calvaria and some parts of the cranial base develop by?

Answer 3

Intramembranous ossification

Question 4

How do the mastoid processes develop?

Answer 4

They are not present at birth, they form gradually during the first year of life as the sternocleidomastoid muscles complete their development and pull of the mastoid parts of the temporal bones

Question 5

When does the mandible form?

Answer 5

The mandible of the newborn consists of two halves of which the union begins in the first year and fusion occurs by the end of the second year

Question 6

What is the eruption of permanent teeth completed?

Answer 6

Not until early adulthood

Question 7

Which muscle controls vocal cord abduction in the larynx?

Answer 7

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 8

What does the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle do in the larynx?

Answer 8

Abducts the vocal folds and opens the glottis

Question 9

Which structure passes through the foramen spinosum?

Answer 9

Middle meningeal artery

Question 10

How do the internal carotid arteries enter the cranial cavity?

Answer 10

Through the carotid canal, in the petrous part of the temporal bone

Question 11

Where does the meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3) arise and return to the cranial cavity?

Answer 11

It arises in the infratemporal fossa and returns to the cranial cavity via the foramen spinosum

Question 12

Where does the internal jugular vein commence?

Answer 12

At the foramen in the posterior cranial fossa as the direct continuation of the sigmoid sinus?

Question 13

What travels in the carotid sheath?

Answer 13

The internal jugular vein accompanies the internal carotid artery superior to the carotid bifurcation and the common carotid artery and vagus nerve inferiorly

Question 14

Where does the internal jugular vein become the brachiocephalic vein?

Answer 14

Posterior to the sternal end of the clavicle, the IJV merges with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein

Question 15

Which nerves do the gag reflex?

Answer 15

Glossopharyngeal nerve for afferent, vague nerve for efferent

Question 16

What does the aryepiglottics muscle do?

Answer 16

Approximate the aryepiglottic folds and close the laryngeal inlet

Question 17

What nerve suppled the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 17

The chorda tympani (VII) for special taste sensations
The lingual nerve (V3) for touch and temperature

Question 18

What nerve supplies the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 18

The lingual branch of glossopharyngeal nerve for both general and special taste sensations

Question 19

What bone makes up the roof of the orbit?

Answer 19

The orbital surface of the frontal bone

Question 20

What are the anterior branches of the mandibular nerve?

Answer 20

Deep temporal branches
Masseteric branches
Lateral pterygoid
Buccal

Question 21

What are the posterior branches of the mandibular nerve?

Answer 21

Auriculotemporal
Inferior alveolar
Lingual chorda tympani

Question 22

What are the four major structures contained in the carotid sheath?

Answer 22

Common carotid and internal carotid arteries
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve (X)
Deep cervical lymph nodes
Carotid sinus nerve and sympathetic nerve fibres

Question 23

What are the positions in the carotid sheath?

Answer 23

The carotid artery lies medial to the internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve is situated posteriorly between the two vessels

Question 24

What structure exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen?

Answer 24

Facial nerve and stylomastoid artery

Question 25

What are the boundaries of the lateral cervical region/posterior triangle ?

Answer 25

Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Clavicle

Question 26

What muscles are in the posterior triangle?

Answer 26

Splenius capitus
Levator scapulae
Middle scalene
Posterior scalene

Question 27

What arteries are in the posterior triangle?

Answer 27

Lateral branches of the thyrocervical trunk
Subclavian
Suprascapular artery
Cervicodorsal trunk
Superficial cervical artery
Dorsal scapular artery

Question 28

What veins are in the posterior triangle?

Answer 28

External jugular vein
Subclavian vein

Question 29

What are the branches of the ophthalmic nerve?

Answer 29

Lacrimal nerve
Supraorbital nerve
Supratrochlear nerve
Infratrochlear nerve
External nasal nerve

Question 30

How are the cerebral veins different to normal veins?

Answer 30

They are thin walled and have no valves

Question 31

Where are the cerebral veins?

Answer 31

They emerge in the brain and lie in the subarachnoid space. They pierce the arachnoid matter and the meningeal layer in the dura and drain into the cranial venous sinuses