Neuroanatomy Flashcards
Which cranial fossa is the cavernous sinus located in?
the middle cranial fossa
What separates the two cavernous sinus’s?
Sella Turcica of the sphenoid bone
What layers enclose the cavernous sinus’s
endosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater
What forms the anterior border of the cavernous sinus?
Superior orbital fissure
What forms the posterior border of the cavernous sinu?
Petrous part of temporal bone
What forms the medial border of the cavernous sinus?
Sphenoid bone
List all that drain into the cavernous sinus:
Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins
Central vein of the retina
Sphenoparietal veins
Superficial Middle Cerebral Vein
Pterygoid Plexus
What vessel does the superior ophthalmic vein form an anastomosis with and what is the clinical significance of this?
The facial nerve
Ophthalmic veins represent a potential route by which infection can spread from an extracranial to an intracranial site.
Where does the cavernous sinus empty into directly and finally?
The inferior and superior petrosal sinus directly
Finally will end in the internal jugular vein
What are the direct contents of the cavernous sinus
Carotid Plexus
Abducens Nerve
Internal carotid artery (cavernous part)q
List the contents of the cavernous sinus that pass through the lateral wall
O’ TOM
Oculomotor Nerve
Trochlear Nerve
Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
Maxillary nerve (V2)
What is the significance of the internal carotid artery travelling through the cavernous sinus>
The only site in the body where an artery passes completely through a venous structure.
This allows for heat exchange
How are the left and right cavernous sinus’s connected?
By the anterior and posterior intercavernous sinus
What is the most common cause of a cavernous sinus thrombosis?
Infection
What forms the lateral border of the cavernous sinus?
Meningeal Layer of the dura mater running from the roof to the floor of the middle cranial fossa
What forms the roof of the cavernous sinus
Meningeal layer of the dura mater that attaches to the anterior and middle clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone.
What forms the floor of the cavernous sinus?
endosteal layer of dura mater that overlies the base of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone.
Give the two paired arteries responsible for blood supply to the brain
Internal carotid
Vertebral arteries
What is teh bane fiven to the terminal anastamosis of the end arteries in the brain>
The circle of willis
At what level does the common carotid artery bifurcate to form the internal and external carotid?
C4
In which skull bone is the carotid canal located
Temporal
What do the internal carotids move in until the enter through the carotid canal of the temporal bone?
The carotid sheath
True or False
The internal carotid does not supply any vessel branches to the neck or face:
True
List the branches on the internal carotid:
Ophthalmic artery
Posterior communicating artery
Anterior Choroidal Artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Where does the vertebral artery branch off?
The subclavian arteries
Where do the vertebral arteries branch off the subclavian artery?
Medial to the anterior scalene muscle
DEscribe the route the vertebral arteries take to reach the head:
Branch off subclavian, medial to the anterior scalene muscle.
Ascend posterior neck, pass through the transverse process of the cervical vertebrae (formina transversarium) and then enter the cranial cavity via the foramen magnum
