Accessory organs of the abdomen

Question 1

What ligament attaches the anterior surface of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 1

Falciform ligament

Question 2

What ligament attaches the superior surface of the liver to the the inferior surface of the diaphragm

Answer 2

Coronary ligament

Question 3

What is the Glisson’s capsule?

Answer 3

The fibrous layer covering the liver

Question 4

Where is the quadrate lobe located?

Answer 4

The lower aspect of the visceral surface - between the gallbladder and fossa produced by the ligamentum teres

Question 5

What seperates the caudate and quadrate lobes?

Answer 5

Porta hepatis - a deep transverse fissure

Question 6

What is the exception of vessel that is not transmitted in the porta hepatis?

Answer 6

The hepatic veins

Question 7

What supplies the majority of the blood to the liver?

Answer 7

The hepatic portal vein (75%)

Question 8

What is the second, less significant, vessel that supplies the liver?

Answer 8

The hepatic artery proper

Question 9

How does the liver drain it’s venous supply?

Answer 9

Via the hepatic veins into the inferior vena cava

Question 10

What inervates the parynchema of the liver?

Answer 10

The hepatix plexus

Question 11

Where does the hepatic plexus originate?

Answer 11

Coeliac plexus - sympathetic
Vagus nerve - parasympathetic

Question 12

What innervates the Glisson’s capsule?

Answer 12

Lower intercostal nerves

Question 13

Where does the anterior aspect of the liver drain its lymph?

Answer 13

Hepatic lymph nodes into the coeliac lymph nodes which in turn drains into the cisterna chyli

Question 14

Where does the posterior aspect of the liver drain its lymph?

Answer 14

Phrenic and posterior mediastinal nodes –> joins the right lymphatic and thoracic ducts

Question 15

What ligament demarcates the bare area of the liver?

Answer 15

The coronary ligament

Question 16

What is the storage capacity of the gallbladder

Answer 16

30-50ml

Question 17

What is clinically significant about the Hartman’s Pouch?

Answer 17

Mucosal fold where gallstone’s can commonly get lodged

Question 18

The common hepatic duct runs alongisde which vessel?

Answer 18

The common hepatic duct

Question 19

What two vessels combine to form the common bile duct?

Answer 19

Cystic duct
Common hepatic duct

Question 20

What is the arterial supply to the gallbladder?

Answer 20

The cystic artery

Question 21

Where do the cystic veins empty?

Answer 21

The portal vein

Question 22

What is the venous drainage of the neck of the gallbladder?

Answer 22

Cystic veins

Question 23

Venous drainage of teh fundus and body of the gallbladder is through the ___________

Answer 23

Hepatic sinusoids

Question 24

Parasympathetic stimulation of the gallbladder causes…

Answer 24

Contraction pf the gallbladder
Secretion of bile into the cystic duct

Question 25

What enzyme leads to increased secretion of bile and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi?

Answer 25

Cholecystokinin

Question 26

What is the lymphatic drainage of the gallbladder?

Answer 26

Cystic lymph nodes into the hepatic lymph nodes and ultimately the coeliac lymph nodes

Question 27

What part of the pancreas is intraperitoneal?

Answer 27

The tail of the pancreas

Question 28

Where does the common bile duct lie in relation to the pancreas?

Answer 28

Descends behind the head of the pancreas

Question 29

What connects the spleen to the pancreas

Answer 29

The Lienorenal ligament

Question 30

Where is the aorta and IVC in relation to the pancreas?

Answer 30

Posterior to the head of the pancreas

Question 31

Where does the SMA lie in relation to the pancreas?

Answer 31

Posterior to the neck of the pancreas Anterior to the ucinate process

Question 32

Where does the splenic and superior mesenteric vein unit to form the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 32

Posterior to the neck of the pancreas

Question 33

What provides arterial supply to the pancreas?

Answer 33

the splenic artery Head is additionally supplied by superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (branches from the gastroduodenal and SMA respectively)

Question 34

Where in the pancreas is the ampulla of vater?

Answer 34

The head

Question 35

In splenomegaly what border of the spleen can be palpated?

Answer 35

The superior border

Question 36

The gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments are part of what structure

Answer 36

The greater omentum

Question 37

What lymph node group does the spleen ultimately drain into?

Answer 37

The coeliac

Question 38

What is the embryological origin of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 38

Mesoderm

Question 39

What is the embryological origin of the adrenal medulla?

Answer 39

Ectodermal neural crest

Question 40

What are the three areas of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 40

Zona glomerulosa Zona Fasciculata Zona Reticularis

Question 41

Which part of the adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids e.g. aldosterone

Answer 41

Zona glomerulosa

Question 42

Which part of the adrenal cortex secretes corticosteroids e.g. cortisol and a small amount of androgens

Answer 42

Zona Fasiculata

Question 43

Which part of the adrenal cortex secretes androgens e.g., DHES (and small amount of corticosteroids)

Answer 43

Zona reticularis

Question 44

What type of cells are seen in the adrenal medulla?

Answer 44

Chromaffin cells

Question 45

What do chromaffic cells secrete?

Answer 45

Catecholamines e.g. adrenaline

Question 46

List the arterial supplies to the adrenal galnd and their origins:

Answer 46

Superior adrenal artery (arises from inferior phrenic) Middle adrenal artery (arises from abdominal aorta) Inferior adrenal artery (arises from renal arteries)

Question 47

Where does the left adrenal vein drain?

Answer 47

Left renal vein

Question 48

Where does the right adrenal vein drain?

Answer 48

The IVC

Question 49

What are the nerve origins for the adrenal gland?

Answer 49

T10 to L1

Question 50

Where does the adrenal gland drain its lymph?

Answer 50

Lumbar lymph nodes

Question 51

What seperates the kidneys and the adrenal glands?

Answer 51

The perirenal fat

Question 52

Where does the kidney's lie?

Answer 52

T10 to L3