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MRCS Anatomy > Accessory organs of the abdomen > Flashcards

Accessory organs of the abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What ligament attaches the anterior surface of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Falciform ligament

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2
Q

What ligament attaches the superior surface of the liver to the the inferior surface of the diaphragm

A

Coronary ligament

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3
Q

What is the Glisson’s capsule?

A

The fibrous layer covering the liver

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4
Q

Where is the quadrate lobe located?

A

The lower aspect of the visceral surface - between the gallbladder and fossa produced by the ligamentum teres

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5
Q

What seperates the caudate and quadrate lobes?

A

Porta hepatis - a deep transverse fissure

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6
Q

What is the exception of vessel that is not transmitted in the porta hepatis?

A

The hepatic veins

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7
Q

What supplies the majority of the blood to the liver?

A

The hepatic portal vein (75%)

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8
Q

What is the second, less significant, vessel that supplies the liver?

A

The hepatic artery proper

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9
Q

How does the liver drain it’s venous supply?

A

Via the hepatic veins into the inferior vena cava

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10
Q

What inervates the parynchema of the liver?

A

The hepatix plexus

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11
Q

Where does the hepatic plexus originate?

A

Coeliac plexus - sympathetic
Vagus nerve - parasympathetic

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12
Q

What innervates the Glisson’s capsule?

A

Lower intercostal nerves

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13
Q

Where does the anterior aspect of the liver drain its lymph?

A

Hepatic lymph nodes into the coeliac lymph nodes which in turn drains into the cisterna chyli

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14
Q

Where does the posterior aspect of the liver drain its lymph?

A

Phrenic and posterior mediastinal nodes –> joins the right lymphatic and thoracic ducts

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15
Q

What ligament demarcates the bare area of the liver?

A

The coronary ligament

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16
Q

What is the storage capacity of the gallbladder

A

30-50ml

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17
Q

What is clinically significant about the Hartman’s Pouch?

A

Mucosal fold where gallstone’s can commonly get lodged

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18
Q

The common hepatic duct runs alongisde which vessel?

A

The common hepatic duct

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19
Q

What two vessels combine to form the common bile duct?

A

Cystic duct
Common hepatic duct

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20
Q

What is the arterial supply to the gallbladder?

A

The cystic artery

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21
Q

Where do the cystic veins empty?

A

The portal vein

22
Q

What is the venous drainage of the neck of the gallbladder?

A

Cystic veins

23
Q

Venous drainage of teh fundus and body of the gallbladder is through the ___________

A

Hepatic sinusoids

24
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of the gallbladder causes…

A

Contraction pf the gallbladder
Secretion of bile into the cystic duct

25
Q

What enzyme leads to increased secretion of bile and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi?

A

Cholecystokinin

26
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the gallbladder?

A

Cystic lymph nodes into the hepatic lymph nodes and ultimately the coeliac lymph nodes

27
Q

What part of the pancreas is intraperitoneal?

A

The tail of the pancreas

28
Q

Where does the common bile duct lie in relation to the pancreas?

A

Descends behind the head of the pancreas

29
Q

What connects the spleen to the pancreas

A

The Lienorenal ligament

30
Q

Where is the aorta and IVC in relation to the pancreas?

A

Posterior to the head of the pancreas

31
Q

Where does the SMA lie in relation to the pancreas?

A

Posterior to the neck of the pancreas
Anterior to the ucinate process

32
Q

Where does the splenic and superior mesenteric vein unit to form the hepatic portal vein?

A

Posterior to the neck of the pancreas

33
Q

What provides arterial supply to the pancreas?

A

the splenic artery
Head is additionally supplied by superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (branches from the gastroduodenal and SMA respectively)

34
Q

Where in the pancreas is the ampulla of vater?

A

The head

35
Q

In splenomegaly what border of the spleen can be palpated?

A

The superior border

36
Q

The gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments are part of what structure

A

The greater omentum

37
Q

What lymph node group does the spleen ultimately drain into?

A

The coeliac

38
Q

What is the embryological origin of the adrenal cortex?

A

Mesoderm

39
Q

What is the embryological origin of the adrenal medulla?

A

Ectodermal neural crest

40
Q

What are the three areas of the adrenal cortex?

A

Zona glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata
Zona Reticularis

41
Q

Which part of the adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids e.g. aldosterone

A

Zona glomerulosa

42
Q

Which part of the adrenal cortex secretes corticosteroids e.g. cortisol and a small amount of androgens

A

Zona Fasiculata

43
Q

Which part of the adrenal cortex secretes androgens e.g., DHES (and small amount of corticosteroids)

A

Zona reticularis

44
Q

What type of cells are seen in the adrenal medulla?

A

Chromaffin cells

45
Q

What do chromaffic cells secrete?

A

Catecholamines e.g. adrenaline

46
Q

List the arterial supplies to the adrenal galnd and their origins:

A

Superior adrenal artery (arises from inferior phrenic)
Middle adrenal artery (arises from abdominal aorta)
Inferior adrenal artery (arises from renal arteries)

47
Q

Where does the left adrenal vein drain?

A

Left renal vein

48
Q

Where does the right adrenal vein drain?

A

The IVC

49
Q

What are the nerve origins for the adrenal gland?

A

T10 to L1

50
Q

Where does the adrenal gland drain its lymph?

A

Lumbar lymph nodes

51
Q

What seperates the kidneys and the adrenal glands?

A

The perirenal fat

52
Q

Where does the kidney’s lie?

A

T10 to L3

MRCS Anatomy (8 decks)

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