Accessory organs of the abdomen Flashcards
What ligament attaches the anterior surface of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?
Falciform ligament
What ligament attaches the superior surface of the liver to the the inferior surface of the diaphragm
Coronary ligament
What is the Glisson’s capsule?
The fibrous layer covering the liver
Where is the quadrate lobe located?
The lower aspect of the visceral surface - between the gallbladder and fossa produced by the ligamentum teres
What seperates the caudate and quadrate lobes?
Porta hepatis - a deep transverse fissure
What is the exception of vessel that is not transmitted in the porta hepatis?
The hepatic veins
What supplies the majority of the blood to the liver?
The hepatic portal vein (75%)
What is the second, less significant, vessel that supplies the liver?
The hepatic artery proper
How does the liver drain it’s venous supply?
Via the hepatic veins into the inferior vena cava
What inervates the parynchema of the liver?
The hepatix plexus
Where does the hepatic plexus originate?
Coeliac plexus - sympathetic
Vagus nerve - parasympathetic
What innervates the Glisson’s capsule?
Lower intercostal nerves
Where does the anterior aspect of the liver drain its lymph?
Hepatic lymph nodes into the coeliac lymph nodes which in turn drains into the cisterna chyli
Where does the posterior aspect of the liver drain its lymph?
Phrenic and posterior mediastinal nodes –> joins the right lymphatic and thoracic ducts
What ligament demarcates the bare area of the liver?
The coronary ligament
What is the storage capacity of the gallbladder
30-50ml
What is clinically significant about the Hartman’s Pouch?
Mucosal fold where gallstone’s can commonly get lodged
The common hepatic duct runs alongisde which vessel?
The common hepatic duct
What two vessels combine to form the common bile duct?
Cystic duct
Common hepatic duct
What is the arterial supply to the gallbladder?
The cystic artery
Where do the cystic veins empty?
The portal vein
What is the venous drainage of the neck of the gallbladder?
Cystic veins
Venous drainage of teh fundus and body of the gallbladder is through the ___________
Hepatic sinusoids
Parasympathetic stimulation of the gallbladder causes…
Contraction pf the gallbladder
Secretion of bile into the cystic duct
What enzyme leads to increased secretion of bile and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi?
Cholecystokinin
What is the lymphatic drainage of the gallbladder?
Cystic lymph nodes into the hepatic lymph nodes and ultimately the coeliac lymph nodes
What part of the pancreas is intraperitoneal?
The tail of the pancreas
Where does the common bile duct lie in relation to the pancreas?
Descends behind the head of the pancreas
What connects the spleen to the pancreas
The Lienorenal ligament
Where is the aorta and IVC in relation to the pancreas?
Posterior to the head of the pancreas
Where does the SMA lie in relation to the pancreas?
Posterior to the neck of the pancreas
Anterior to the ucinate process
Where does the splenic and superior mesenteric vein unit to form the hepatic portal vein?
Posterior to the neck of the pancreas
What provides arterial supply to the pancreas?
the splenic artery
Head is additionally supplied by superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (branches from the gastroduodenal and SMA respectively)
Where in the pancreas is the ampulla of vater?
The head
In splenomegaly what border of the spleen can be palpated?
The superior border
The gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments are part of what structure
The greater omentum
What lymph node group does the spleen ultimately drain into?
The coeliac
What is the embryological origin of the adrenal cortex?
Mesoderm
What is the embryological origin of the adrenal medulla?
Ectodermal neural crest
What are the three areas of the adrenal cortex?
Zona glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata
Zona Reticularis
Which part of the adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids e.g. aldosterone
Zona glomerulosa
Which part of the adrenal cortex secretes corticosteroids e.g. cortisol and a small amount of androgens
Zona Fasiculata
Which part of the adrenal cortex secretes androgens e.g., DHES (and small amount of corticosteroids)
Zona reticularis
What type of cells are seen in the adrenal medulla?
Chromaffin cells
What do chromaffic cells secrete?
Catecholamines e.g. adrenaline
List the arterial supplies to the adrenal galnd and their origins:
Superior adrenal artery (arises from inferior phrenic)
Middle adrenal artery (arises from abdominal aorta)
Inferior adrenal artery (arises from renal arteries)
Where does the left adrenal vein drain?
Left renal vein
Where does the right adrenal vein drain?
The IVC
What are the nerve origins for the adrenal gland?
T10 to L1
Where does the adrenal gland drain its lymph?
Lumbar lymph nodes
What seperates the kidneys and the adrenal glands?
The perirenal fat
Where does the kidney’s lie?
T10 to L3
