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ENG 320 > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial Nerve I

A

Olfactory - sense of smell

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1
Q

Cranial Nerve II

A

Optic - sense of sight

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2
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

Oculomotor - eyeball movement

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3
Q

Cranial Nerve IV

A

Trochlear - Movement of eyeball

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4
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A

Trigeminal - sensation in face, scalp and teeth

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5
Q

Cranial Nerve VI

A

Abducens - movement of eyeball

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6
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

Facial - sense of taste, contraction of facial muscles and secretion of saliva

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7
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII

A

Acoustin (Vestibulocochlear) - sense of hearing & equilibrium

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8
Q

Cranial Nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal - sense of taste, contraction of pharynx, saliva secretion

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9
Q

Cranial Nerve X

A

Vagus - sensation and movement of the heart lungs, larynx, pharynx and GI tract

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10
Q

Cranial Nerve XI

A

Accessory - contraction of neck and shoulder muscles

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11
Q

Cranial Nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal - movement of tongue

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12
Q

Central Nervous system

A

the brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

nerve fibers that connect to the CNS

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14
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Bodily functions under voluntary control

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15
Q

Autonomic Nervous system

A

Bodily functions under regular control

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16
Q

The deep infoldings of the cortex that divide it into lobes and hemispheres are called…

A

fissures

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17
Q

The somatosensory cortex in the right hemisphere controls what?

A

Incoming sensory information for the left side of the body

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18
Q

Which lobe of the brain receives somatic sense and sensory information from the body?

A

parietal

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19
Q

Bitter taste is primarily perceived on the _________________________ of the tongue.

A

posterior dorsum

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20
Q

The _______ branch of the VIII cranial nerve mediates the sense of hearing

A

auditory

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21
Q

Which cranial nerves receive sensory information of vision, hearing, and smell?

A

I, II, VIII

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22
Q

The type of cell that is the functional building block of the nervous system is the

A

neuron

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23
Q

Most fibers of the corticospinal tract decussate at the ____________ of the medulla.

A

pyramids

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24
Q

The structure that is responsible for coordination and initiating action is the

A

cerebellum

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25
Q

Which subcortex structure helps convert short term memory to long term memory?

A

Hippocampus

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25
Q

Which of these is not a component of the central nervous system?

A

spinal nerves

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26
Q

Which lobe of the brain is associated with speech perception?

A

temporal

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27
Q

The site for efferent stimulation in a neuron is the

A

axon

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28
Q

Digestion is governed by the _______________ nervous system.

A

autonomic

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29
Q

Vision, audition, olfaction, and taste are ____________________ senses.

A

special

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30
Q

Which subcortex structure plays a crucial role in adjusting motor plans based on context?

A

Cerebellum

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31
Q

Tactile is the sense of

A

Touch

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32
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain that control cognitive and sensory functions?

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

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33
Q

The precentral gyrus in the right hemisphere controls what?

A

Motor activity for the left side of the body

34
Q

Which subcortex structure is the location where the contralateral organization of the brain emerges?

A

Pyramidal decussation

35
Q

The type of cell that provides nutrients, as well as a filter function, is the

A

glia

36
Q

The superior-most structure of the brainstem is the ____________________.

A

midbrain

37
Q

Synaptic vesicles are found within the…

A

end boutons

38
Q

Which lobe of the brain processes visual information?

A

occipital

39
Q

Gustation is the sense of

A

Taste

40
Q

Contralateral organization in neuroanatomy means what?

A

The left side of the cortex communicates with the right side of the body and vice versa

41
Q

The precentral gyrus in the left hemisphere controls what?

A

Motor activity for the right side of the body

42
Q

The ____________________ branch of the trigeminal nerve transmits sensory information from the mandible, including the skin, lower teeth, gums, and lip; a portion of the skin and mucosal lining of the cheek; the external auditory meatus and auricle; the temporomandibular joint; and the region of the temporal bone, as well as supplying kinesthetic and proprioceptive sense to the muscles of mastication.

A

mandibular

43
Q

The majority of the infoldings of the cortex, which do not divide lobes or hemispheres from one another, are called…

A

sulci

44
Q

The 31 pairs of ____________________ arise from the spinal cord.

A

spinal nerves

45
Q

Which lobe of the brain initiates motor activity and is associated with initiative and personality?

A

frontal

45
Q

The typical site for reception of excitatory stimulation on a neuron is the

A

dendrite

46
Q

Which subcortex structure helps integrate sensory information?

A

thalamus

47
Q

A structural dichotomy of the nervous system would include the subcategories of

A

central and peripheral nervous systems

48
Q

The sucking reflex includes

A

-pumping the tongue forward and back repeatedly.
-elevation and depression of the mandible.
-swallow of bolus after four or five pumps of the tongue.

49
Q

Which subcortex structure is the connection point between the cerebellum and the brainstem?

A

Pons

50
Q

The juncture between two communicating neurons is the ____________________.

A

Synapse

51
Q

Which lobe of the brain receives auditory information?

A

temporal

52
Q

Somatic sensory information is received at the

A

postcentral gyrus

53
Q

The ____________________ branch of the trigeminal nerve transmits sensory information from the skin of the upper face, forehead, and scalp; cornea, iris, upper eyelid, conjunctiva; nasal cavity mucous membrane; and lacrimal gland

A

opthalmic

54
Q

Which subcortex structure helps integrate motor planning information?

A

Basal ganglia

55
Q

____________________ pathways transmit information concerning the status of the body to the brain.

A

Sensory or afferent, which are the same thing

56
Q

Commands for voluntary functions originate in the

A

cerebrum

57
Q

Which nerves control crucial speech muscle movements like jaw, tongue, face, and larynx muscles?

A

V, VII, X, XII

58
Q

The ____________________ nerve of the X cranial nerve innervates adductors and the abductor of the vocal folds

A

recurrent laryngeal

59
Q

Which subcortex structure provides a communication pathway between the left and right hemispheres?

A

Corpus callosum

60
Q

Broca’s area is found in the…

A

frontal lobe

61
Q

The ____________________ system arises from the pyramidal cells of the motor strip of the cerebral cortex and is largely responsible for initiation of voluntary motor acts.

A

pyramidal

62
Q

The ____________________ is the most inferior level of the brainstem.

A

medulla oblongata

63
Q

The function of ____________________ is to transmit information.

A

neurons

64
Q

Which nerves control eye movement

A

III,IV,VI

65
Q

An area of a myelinated axon on which there is no myelin is called a…

A

node of Raniver

66
Q

The cranial nerves are part of the ____________________ nervous system.

A

peripheral

67
Q

Olfaction is the sense of

A

smell

67
Q

Thermal is the sense of

A

temperature

67
Q

Proprioception is the sense of

A

muscle/body awareness

67
Q

Outfoldings of the cortex (i.e. the lumps between wrinkles) are called….

A

gyri

67
Q

____________________ refers to stimulation of a neuron that reduces the neuron’s output.

A

inhibition

68
Q

A functional dichotomy of the nervous system would include the subcategories of

A

somatic and autonomic nervous systems

69
Q

The ____________________ fissure separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

A

cerebral longitudinal

70
Q

Wernicke’s area is found in the posterior portion of the ____________________ lobe.

A

temporal

71
Q

The ____________________ system arises from the cerebral cortex and is responsible for the background tone and movement supporting the primary acts.

A

extrapyramidal

72
Q

Broca’s Aphasia

A

know what they wish to say but are unable to produce the words

73
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A

difficulty in understanding written and spoken language & producing written and spoken language that makes sense to others

74
Q

Damage to basal ganglia may cause

A

problems controlling speech, movement, and posture
eg. touretts and parkinson’s

75
Q

Conduction aphasia

A

Inability to repeat what is herd even though it was understood

76
Q

Ataxic dysarthia

A

irregular or slow rhythm of speech, with pauses and abrupt explosions of sound and abnormal or excessively equal stress on every syllable

77
Q

Spastic dysarthia

A

speech has a harsh, strain-strangle quality, with slow rate, low pitch, and imprecise consonant

78
Q

The sucking reflex can be stimulated by

A

-light stimulation of the lips in neonates.
-visual presentation of food in older infants.

ENG 320 (3 decks)

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