Neuroanatomy Flashcards by Alanah Kerr

Cranial Nerve I

Olfactory - sense of smell

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Cranial Nerve II

Optic - sense of sight

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Cranial Nerve III

Oculomotor - eyeball movement

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Cranial Nerve IV

Trochlear - Movement of eyeball

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Cranial Nerve V

Trigeminal - sensation in face, scalp and teeth

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Cranial Nerve VI

Abducens - movement of eyeball

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Cranial Nerve VII

Facial - sense of taste, contraction of facial muscles and secretion of saliva

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Cranial Nerve VIII

Acoustin (Vestibulocochlear) - sense of hearing & equilibrium

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Cranial Nerve IX

Glossopharyngeal - sense of taste, contraction of pharynx, saliva secretion

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Cranial Nerve X

Vagus - sensation and movement of the heart lungs, larynx, pharynx and GI tract

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Cranial Nerve XI

Accessory - contraction of neck and shoulder muscles

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Cranial Nerve XII

Hypoglossal - movement of tongue

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Central Nervous system

the brain and spinal cord

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Peripheral Nervous System

nerve fibers that connect to the CNS

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Somatic Nervous System

Bodily functions under voluntary control

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Autonomic Nervous system

Bodily functions under regular control

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The deep infoldings of the cortex that divide it into lobes and hemispheres are called…

fissures

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The somatosensory cortex in the right hemisphere controls what?

Incoming sensory information for the left side of the body

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Which lobe of the brain receives somatic sense and sensory information from the body?

parietal

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Bitter taste is primarily perceived on the _________________________ of the tongue.

posterior dorsum

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The _______ branch of the VIII cranial nerve mediates the sense of hearing

auditory

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Which cranial nerves receive sensory information of vision, hearing, and smell?

I, II, VIII

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The type of cell that is the functional building block of the nervous system is the

neuron

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Most fibers of the corticospinal tract decussate at the ____________ of the medulla.

pyramids

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The structure that is responsible for coordination and initiating action is the

cerebellum

Which subcortex structure helps convert short term memory to long term memory?

Hippocampus

Which of these is not a component of the central nervous system?

spinal nerves

Which lobe of the brain is associated with speech perception?

temporal

The site for efferent stimulation in a neuron is the

axon

Digestion is governed by the _______________ nervous system.

autonomic

Vision, audition, olfaction, and taste are ____________________ senses.

special

Which subcortex structure plays a crucial role in adjusting motor plans based on context?

Cerebellum

Tactile is the sense of

Touch

What are the four lobes of the brain that control cognitive and sensory functions?

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

The precentral gyrus in the right hemisphere controls what?

Motor activity for the left side of the body

Which subcortex structure is the location where the contralateral organization of the brain emerges?

Pyramidal decussation

The type of cell that provides nutrients, as well as a filter function, is the

glia

The superior-most structure of the brainstem is the ____________________.

midbrain

Synaptic vesicles are found within the...

end boutons

Which lobe of the brain processes visual information?

occipital

Gustation is the sense of

Taste

Contralateral organization in neuroanatomy means what?

The left side of the cortex communicates with the right side of the body and vice versa

The precentral gyrus in the left hemisphere controls what?

Motor activity for the right side of the body

The ____________________ branch of the trigeminal nerve transmits sensory information from the mandible, including the skin, lower teeth, gums, and lip; a portion of the skin and mucosal lining of the cheek; the external auditory meatus and auricle; the temporomandibular joint; and the region of the temporal bone, as well as supplying kinesthetic and proprioceptive sense to the muscles of mastication.

mandibular

The majority of the infoldings of the cortex, which do not divide lobes or hemispheres from one another, are called...

sulci

The 31 pairs of ____________________ arise from the spinal cord.

spinal nerves

Which lobe of the brain initiates motor activity and is associated with initiative and personality?

frontal

The typical site for reception of excitatory stimulation on a neuron is the

dendrite

Which subcortex structure helps integrate sensory information?

thalamus

A structural dichotomy of the nervous system would include the subcategories of

central and peripheral nervous systems

The sucking reflex includes

-pumping the tongue forward and back repeatedly. -elevation and depression of the mandible. -swallow of bolus after four or five pumps of the tongue.

Which subcortex structure is the connection point between the cerebellum and the brainstem?

Pons

The juncture between two communicating neurons is the ____________________.

Synapse

Which lobe of the brain receives auditory information?

temporal

Somatic sensory information is received at the

postcentral gyrus

The ____________________ branch of the trigeminal nerve transmits sensory information from the skin of the upper face, forehead, and scalp; cornea, iris, upper eyelid, conjunctiva; nasal cavity mucous membrane; and lacrimal gland

opthalmic

Which subcortex structure helps integrate motor planning information?

Basal ganglia

____________________ pathways transmit information concerning the status of the body to the brain.

Sensory or afferent, which are the same thing

Commands for voluntary functions originate in the

cerebrum

Which nerves control crucial speech muscle movements like jaw, tongue, face, and larynx muscles?

V, VII, X, XII

The ____________________ nerve of the X cranial nerve innervates adductors and the abductor of the vocal folds

recurrent laryngeal

Which subcortex structure provides a communication pathway between the left and right hemispheres?

Corpus callosum

Broca's area is found in the...

frontal lobe

The ____________________ system arises from the pyramidal cells of the motor strip of the cerebral cortex and is largely responsible for initiation of voluntary motor acts.

pyramidal

The ____________________ is the most inferior level of the brainstem.

medulla oblongata

The function of ____________________ is to transmit information.

neurons

Which nerves control eye movement

III,IV,VI

An area of a myelinated axon on which there is no myelin is called a...

node of Raniver

The cranial nerves are part of the ____________________ nervous system.

peripheral

Olfaction is the sense of

smell

Thermal is the sense of

temperature

Proprioception is the sense of

muscle/body awareness

Outfoldings of the cortex (i.e. the lumps between wrinkles) are called....

gyri

____________________ refers to stimulation of a neuron that reduces the neuron's output.

inhibition

A functional dichotomy of the nervous system would include the subcategories of

somatic and autonomic nervous systems

The ____________________ fissure separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

cerebral longitudinal

Wernicke's area is found in the posterior portion of the ____________________ lobe.

temporal

The ____________________ system arises from the cerebral cortex and is responsible for the background tone and movement supporting the primary acts.

extrapyramidal

Broca's Aphasia

know what they wish to say but are unable to produce the words

Wernicke's Aphasia

difficulty in understanding written and spoken language & producing written and spoken language that makes sense to others

Damage to basal ganglia may cause

problems controlling speech, movement, and posture eg. touretts and parkinson's

Conduction aphasia

Inability to repeat what is herd even though it was understood

Ataxic dysarthia

irregular or slow rhythm of speech, with pauses and abrupt explosions of sound and abnormal or excessively equal stress on every syllable

Spastic dysarthia

speech has a harsh, strain-strangle quality, with slow rate, low pitch, and imprecise consonant

The sucking reflex can be stimulated by

-light stimulation of the lips in neonates. -visual presentation of food in older infants.