Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal?
The central sulcus.
What sulcus separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobe?
The lateral sulcus (sylvian fissure).
Define insula.
A portion of cerebral cortex folded deep in the lateral sulcus; forms the floor of the lateral sulcus.
What divides the brain into right and left hemispheres?
The deep longitudinal fissure.
What white matter structure holds the hemispheres together?
The corpus callosum.
Within what lobe is broca’s area located?
What is the function of Broca’s area?
The dominant (usually left) frontal lobe. Language production.
Within what lobe is Wernicke’s area located? What is the function of Wernicke’s area?
The dominant (usually left) temporal lobe. It is involved in the comprehension of written and spoken language.
What are the functions of the frontal lobes?
Motor function, problem solving, judgement, personality, social and sexual behaviour.
What is the pre-frontal cortex responsible for?
Higher cognitive functions e.g. personality.
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?
In the post-central gyrus of the parietal lobe.
What are the functions of the parietal lobes?
Somatosensory function. The dominant lobe is involved in perception, interpretation of sensory information, language and mathematical operations. The non dominant lobe has visiospatial functions.
What cortex are located in the occipital lobes?
Primary visual and vision association cortex.
What cortex is located in the temporal lobe?
Primary auditory cortex.
What are the functions of the temporal lobe?
Hearing, language comprehension (wernicke’s area). It also contains the hippocampus and amygdala.
What is the function of the hippocampus?
Important in the formation of long term memories.
What are the motor and sensory homunculi?
Proportional somatotopical representations of how much of the cortex innervates certain body parts.
How many horns does the lateral ventricle have and what are they called?
3 horns.
Anterior, posterior and inferior.
What is the foramen between the lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle called?
The foramen of Munro.
What is the foramen between the 3rd and 4th ventricle called?
The cerebral aqueduct.
What are the foramen called that connect the 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space?
The foramina of luschka (lateral) and the foramen of magendie (medial).
Where is choroid plexus located?
Along the choroid fissure of the lateral ventricle and in the roof of the 3rd and 4th ventricle.
How is CSF reabsorbed into dural venous sinuses?
Via arachnoid granulations. CSF drains through the endothelium into the dural venous sinus.
What are the 4 anatomical divisions of the corpus callosum?
- Rostrum.
- Genu.
- Body.
- Splenium.
Which anatomical division of the corpus callosum lies most posteriorly?
The splenium.
What gyrus lies immediately above the corpus callosum?
The cingulate gyrus.
What structure forms the roof of the lateral ventricles?
The corpus callosum.
What are commissural fibres?
Fibres linking similar functional areas of the two hemispheres together e.g. the corpus callosum is composed of commissural fibres.
What is the brainstem composed of?
The midbrain, pons and medulla oblangata.
What structure divides the midbrain into dorsal and ventral parts?
The cerebral aqueduct.
What forms the dorsal midbrain?
The tectum.
What is the tectum of the midbrain composed of?
The inferior and superior colliculi.
What forms the ventral midbrain?
The cerebral peduncle.
What is the cerebral peduncle of the midbrain composed of?
A dorsal tegmentum and a ventral crus cerebri.
What structure divides the tegmentum from the crus cerebri?
The substantia nigra.
What are the crus cerebri?
White matter bundles emerging from the cerebral hemispheres.
What is the attachment between the midbrain and cerebellum called?
The superior cerebellar peduncles.
What is the function of the pineal gland?
Synthesises melatonin.
What is the midline sulcus on the ventral surface of the pons called?
The basilar sulcus (where the basilar artery lies).
What is the sulcus called that forms the caudal border of the pons?
The bulbopontine sulcus.
What is the medullary striae?
Ponto-cerebellar fibres that divide the floor of the 4th ventricle into a rostral pontine half and a caudal medullary half.
What is the medullary olive?
An eminence caused by the presence of the inferior olivary nucleus underneath. Located lateral to the ventrolateral sulcus.
What lies lateral to the posterior median sulcus?
The gracile tubercle (dorsal column nuclei that participate in the sensation of fine touch and proprioception of the lower body).
What lies lateral to the gracile tubercle?
The cuneate tubercle (dorsal column nuclei that participate in the sensation of fine touch and proprioception of the upper body).
