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Neurology > neuroanatomy > Flashcards

neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

basal ganglia

A

modify movement- inhibitory

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2
Q

medial geniculate nucleus

A

auditory nucleus of thalamus

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3
Q

edinger-westphal nucleus

A

central visual pathway

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4
Q

lateral geniculate nucleus

A

visual nucleus of thalamus

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5
Q

nucleus of the solitary tract

A

collects visceral sensory information from vagus - BP and gut distention

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6
Q

reticular formation

A

brainstem component that collects info from spinal cord- skin temp.

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7
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

circadian rhythms, lactation, sexual behaviour, feeding

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8
Q

medial pre-optic nucleus

A

GnRH nucleus - releases GnRH

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9
Q

supra-optic nucleus

A

oxytocin and vasopressin

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10
Q

paraventricular nucleus

A

CRH

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11
Q

anterior hypothalamic nucleus

A

thermoregulation

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12
Q

ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus

A

satiety, sexual behaviour
Damage: hyperphagia, obesity

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13
Q

arcuate nucleus

A

feeding, dopamine release

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14
Q

lateral nucleus of hypothalamus

A

hunger and thirst- orexigenic
centre of feeding

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15
Q

dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

A

BP, HR

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16
Q

mammilary nuclei

A

fear, anger, anterograde and retrograde amnesia, short term memory loss, confabulation

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17
Q

mediobasal temporal lobe

A

deja/jamais vu

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18
Q

uncus

A

primary olfactory cortex

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19
Q

amygdala

A

fear and anger

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20
Q

Right DLPFC, amygdala, anterior cingulate

A

depersonalisation

(Specifically insula and orbitofrontal cortex)

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21
Q

fusiform gyrus

A

prosopagnosia

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22
Q

posterior superior temporal gyrus

A

wernicke’s

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23
Q

dorsolateral frontal lobe

A

executive function

24
Q

accumbens

A

addiction
Dopamine release

25
Q

left inferior frontal

A

speech

26
Q

Ventral tegmental area

A

rewarding and aversive qualities of sensations
Neurons rich in dopamine project from this area to the nigrostriatal pathway.

27
Q

Anterior cingulate

A

activated in tasks involving emotion, cognitive and motor tasks

28
Q

hippocampus

A

Damage to this area bilaterally leads to an amnestic syndrome

29
Q

Nucleus basalis

A

Major cholinergic site involved in pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s dementia.

30
Q

Locus Coeruleus

A

Noradrenergic neurones

31
Q

orbitofrontal cortex

A

change in personality with childlike behaviour and disinhibition.

32
Q

thalamus

A
  1. translator of prethalamic inputs into readable form. 2. process and relay of sensory information selectively to the cerebral cortex. 3. regulation of sleep and wakefulness. 4. consciousness arousal, the level of awareness, and activity.
33
Q

Thalamic syndrome:

A

contralateral hemianaesthesia, often accompanied by mood swings

34
Q

olivary nucleus- inferior

A

finger-nose

35
Q

Wernickes

A

Mamillary bodies

36
Q

Medial frontal cortex

A

Aggression, mood changes, neurovegetative disturbances
Apathy, akinetic mutism

37
Q

diencephalon

A

Fluctuating attention, reduced consciousness

38
Q

apraxia incl constructional apraxia and dressing apraxia

A

non-dominant parietal

Note ideomotor apraxia is dominant parietal

39
Q

tourettes

A

caudate

40
Q

Dominant Parietal Lobe

A

Gerstmann’s syndrome

41
Q

Lesion of post central gyrus

A

Effects contralateral somatosensory

42
Q

Frontal lobe lesion

A

Personality change, perseveration, motor Jacksonian fits, urinary incontinence, inability to smell and a spontaneity

43
Q

Lesion of inferior frontal gyrus

A

Broca’s - expressive aphasia

44
Q

Embryonic structure of cerebellum and pons

A

Metencephelon

45
Q

Embryonic structure of midbrain

A

Misencephalon

46
Q

Embryonic structure of medulla oblongata and spinal cord

A

Myelencephalon

47
Q

What’s a biological abnormality demonstrated in patients with schizophrenia

A

Larger P300 evoked potential

48
Q

Atrophy is found in this area in WE

A

Mamillary bodies

49
Q

Area of brain believed to be involved in reward

A

Mesolimbic pathway

50
Q

Psychoactive components of cannabis act on this

A

G protein coupled receptors

51
Q

Benzos act on these receptors

A

GABA R agonist

52
Q

Wernickes dysphasia is what type of dysphasia?

A

Primary sensory dysphasia

53
Q

Patient talks in a slow sparse style that is hesitant with disturbed rhythm and inflection. Which dysphasia?

A

Primary motor dysphasia

54
Q

Depersonalisation

A

Amygdala + R dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

55
Q

Jacksonian epileptic attack

A

Pre central motor cortex

56
Q

Laughing seizures generated by?

A

Hypothalamus (also known as gelastic seizures)

57
Q

Patient with swinging movement of L arm and leg

A

R sub thalmic nucleus
Also known as hemiballismus - usually contra lateral lesion

Neurology (12 decks)

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