neuroanatomy 1

Question 1

what makes up the diencephalon

Answer 1

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 2

what makes up the brain stem

Answer 2

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 3

do dendrites send info towards or away from nerve

Answer 3

send towards nerve

Question 4

do axons send info towards or away from nerve

Answer 4

away from nerve

Question 5

4 types of glial cells

Answer 5

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cella

glial = glue cells

Question 6

describe astrocytes

Answer 6

Many processes (often star shaped). role in support, maintaing blood barrier, environmental homeostasis

Question 7

is there connective tissue in the CNS

Answer 7

no

Question 8

describe oligodendrocytes

Answer 8

produce myelin in teh CNS. they have numerous branches so they produce myelin for numerous axons (different to schwan cells). they have a round nucleus. Node of ranvier = small gaps between wraps of myelin.

Question 9

describe microglia

Answer 9

similar to macrophages. immune monitoring and antigen presentation. dont start life in the CNS, evade from the bone marrow.

Question 10

describe ependymal cells

Answer 10

ciliated/cuboidal epithelium that lines the ventricles. (cilia on their surface)

Question 11

what are gyri

Answer 11

outer parts

Question 12

what are sulci

Answer 12

indents

Question 13

whats is a fissure

Answer 13

deeper than sulci

Question 14

why do we have sulci

Answer 14

grey matter is what we think with so need larger SA so we have lumps and bumps as its a bit crumpled

Question 15

what is mainly in the whie matter

Answer 15

axons

Question 16

what is mainly in the grey matter

Answer 16

huge numbers of neurons, cell processes, synapses and support cells
(cell body)

Question 17

is the thalamus grey or white matter

Answer 17

grey

Question 18

in teh spinal cord where is the grey and white matter found

Answer 18

grey on the insode and white on outsode. lots of axons run parallel up the cord

Question 19

how is the grey and white matter organised in teh spinal cord

Answer 19

grey in horns: posterior (dorsal) horn, anterior (ventral) horn
white in columns: lateral, anterior, posterior columns

Question 20

what does the central sulcus divide

Answer 20

sensory and motor regions of teh brain

Question 21

what does the lateral fissure seperate

Answer 21

temporal from parietal and frontal

Question 22

what does the longitudinal fissure seperate

Answer 22

left and righ sides of the brain

Question 23

what is teh corpus callosum

Answer 23

it lets the left and right brain communicate

Question 24

what is the internal capsule

Answer 24

large white matter tract, between cortex and brainstem and spinal cord

Question 25

what does the thalamus do

Answer 25

relay station for sensory info

Question 26

what are the lumps and bumps called on the cerebellum

Answer 26

follia (smaller than gyrus)

Question 27

what does teh parietal-occipital sulcus seperate

Answer 27

parietal and occipital lobe

Question 28

where is the singulate gyrus found and what is it important in

Answer 28

just above the corpus collosum | important in pain interpretation

Question 29

what is the interthalmic adhesion

Answer 29

where the two thalmi come into contact but theer is no communication between them

Question 30

what is the 4th ventricle continuous with

Answer 30

spinal cord

Question 31

what is teh cerebral aqueduct

Answer 31

between the 3rd and 4th ventricles

Question 32

what is the 5th lobe called and where is it

Answer 32

insular lobe. hidden in the lateral fissure. play role in patients experience of pain

Question 33

threee layers of meninges

Answer 33

dura mater, pia matter, arachnoid mater (thin overlying the subarachnoid space)

Question 34

describe the enteric nervous system

Answer 34

found in digestive system from oesophagus to rectum. neurons found in 2 plexuses in the walls of the gut