Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BRS 2 > Neuro - Visual system > Flashcards

Neuro - Visual system Flashcards

1
Q

What are all of the different parts that make up the eye?

A

Lateral:

  • Upper eyelid
  • Palpebral fissure
  • Lateral canthus
  • Lower eyelid

Medial:

  • Pupil
  • Iris
  • Sclera
  • Medial canthus
  • Caruncle
  • Limbus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What structures make up the lacrimal system?

A
  • Lacrimal gland
  • Punctum
  • Canaliculus
  • Tear duct
  • Tear sac
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 layers of the tear film?

A
  • Lipid
  • Water
  • Mucin
  • Epethelial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the tear film?

A
  1. Maintains smooth cornea-air surface to supply the cornea with oxygen
  2. Removal of Debris
  3. Bactericide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is conjunctiva?

A

Thin, transparent tissue that covers the outer surface of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is sclera?

A

The tough, opaque tissue that serves as the eyes protective outer coat
‘The white of the eye’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the cornea?

A

The transparent dome covering the front of the ye used to refract light and focus light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the uvea?

A

The vascular coat of the eyeball which lies between the sclera and retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is categorised as central vision?

A
  • Detail day vision

- Colour vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is categorised as peripheral vision?

A
  • Shape
  • Movement
  • Night vision
  • Navigation vision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Emmetropia?

A

The refractive statem of the eye which parallel rays of light are focused on the retina to produce a clear image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Ametropia?

A

A mismatch between axial length and refractive power so parallel rays of light do not fall onto the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is myopia?

A

Parallel rays coverge before they reach the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the symptoms of myopia?

A
  • Blurred vision

- Headaches due to trying to focus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the treatment options for myopia?

A
  1. Correction with diverging lens (negative lenses)
  2. Correction with contact lens
  3. Correction by removing the lens to reduce refractive power of the eye
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is hyperopia?

A

Parallel rays of light converge past the retina

17
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperopia?

A
  • Unable to see close objects/fine print
  • Asthenopic symptoms:
    • Eyepain
    • Headache in frontal region
    • Burning sensation in eyes
    • Blepharoconjunctivitis
18
Q

What are the treatment options for hyperopia?

A
  1. Correction with converging lens (positive lenses)
  2. Correction with positive lens and cataract removal
  3. Correction with contact lens
  4. Correction with intraocular lens
19
Q

What is astigmatism?

A

Parallel rays come to focus 2 focal lines rather than a single focal point

20
Q

What can cause an astigmatism?

A

The refractive media is not spherical

21
Q

What are the symptoms of astigmatism?

A
  • Asthenopic symptoms (headaches, eyepain)
  • Blurred vision
  • Distortion of vision
  • Head tilting and turning
22
Q

What are the treatment options for astigmaitsm?

A
  1. Regular astigmatism - cylinder lenses with or without spherical lens
  2. Irregular astigmatism - rigid cylinder lenses, surgery
23
Q

What is presbyopia?

A

Naturally occurring loss of nearsightedness due to increased rigidity of the lends and increased stiffness the ciliary muscle

24
Q

What are the treatment options for presbyopia?

A

Convex lenses

25
Q

Why do both eyes get visual field affects if there is a lesion to the optic nerve posterior to the optic chiasma?

A

This is because 53% of nerve fibres cross over at the optic chiasma and go the go to the opposite eye, so a lesion will affect the opposite eye also

26
Q

What type of nerve causes pupil constriction?

A

Parasympathetic nerve of CN III

27
Q

What type of nerve causes pupil dilation?

A

Sympathetic nerve of CN III

28
Q

What is the difference between a direct light reflex and a consensual light reflex?

A

A direct light reflex if the constriction of the the pupil of the light stimulated eye
A consensual light reflex is the constriction of the pupil of the opposite eye to the one being stimulated

29
Q

What are the 6 ectraocular muscles and the 3 cranial nerves that innervate them?

A 
6 extraocular:
- Lateral rectus
- Medial rectus
- Superior rectus
- Inferior rectus
- Superior oblique
- Lateral oblique
3 cranial nerves:
- Cranial nerve III
- Cranial nerve IV
- Cranial nerve VI
30
Q

What is duction

A

Eye movement in one eye

31
Q

What is version?

A

Simultaneous movement of both eyes in the same direction

32
Q

What is vergence?

A

Simultaneous movement of both eyes in the opposite direction

33
Q

What is convergence?

A

Simultaneous adduction movement in both eyes when viewing a near object

34
Q

What is saccade?

A

Short fast burst eye movement

35
Q

What is smooth pursuit?

A

Sustained slow eye movement

36
Q

What is a nystagmus?

A

Oscillatory eye movement

Optokinetic nystagmus - oscillatory eye movement + fast phase reset saccade

BRS 2 (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions