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4th Year Oncology > Neuro Tumours > Flashcards

Neuro Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

List clinical presentations/symptoms of raised intracranial pressure

A 
Headache
Vomiting
Mental changes
Seizures
Visual impairment
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2
Q

WHO grade I astrocytic tumours are called what?

A

Pilocytic

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas / Pilocytic astrocytoma

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3
Q

WHO grade II astrocytic tumours are called what?

A

Low grade astrocytomas / Diffuse astrocytoma

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4
Q

WHO grade III astrocytic tumours are called what?

A

Anaplastic astrocytomas

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5
Q

WHO grade IV astrocytic tumours are called what?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

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6
Q

Who is typically affected by grade I astrocytic tumours?

A

Children
and young adults -
Typically present with headache, vomiting and low appetite

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7
Q

What is the treatment of choice for grade I astrocytic tumour?

A

Surgery (curative)

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8
Q

Grade II astrocytic tumours (low grade astrocytoma) have predilection for which brain lobes?

A

Temporal and frontal

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9
Q

Which lobe do oligodendroglial tumours predominately affect?

A

Frontal lobe

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10
Q

Describe the morphology of oligodendroglial tumours (buzzword)

A

Grayish-pink

Toothpaste-like

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11
Q

Majority of meningiomas are asymptomatic. True/False?

A

True

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12
Q

Meningiomas are usually malignant. True/False?

A 
False
Histologically benign (90%)
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13
Q

What do pineal tumours typically obstruct?

A

CSF outflow, leading to hydrocephalus

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14
Q

Damage/tumour at Broca’s area causes what type of aphasia?

A

Expressive dysphasia - comprehend language but struggle to produce comprehensive sentences (non-fluent aphasia - they have difficultly finding the words)

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15
Q

Damage/tumour at Wernike’s area causes what type of aphasia?

A

Receptive aphasia - have trouble understanding language and produce fluent but meaningless speech

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16
Q

What are poor prognostic factors for astrocytic tumours?

A
  • Age >50
  • Focal deficit ( cf. seizures)
  • Short duration of symptoms
  • Raised ICP
  • Altered consciousness
  • Enhancement on contrast studies - Low grade tumours don’t enhance with IV contrast. If they are enhancing it indicates grade 3 or 4
17
Q

What are the characteristics of a headache caused by a tumour?

A

Worse in the morning, pain wakes them up, worse on coughing/leaning forward

18
Q

Are pilocytic astrocytomas (WHO Grade I) benign or malignant?

A

Benign

19
Q

Diffuse astrocytomas (WHO Grade II) typically affect what age range?

A

20-30

20
Q

What is the main complication of diffuse astrocytomas (WHO Grade II)?

A

All will turn into high grade gliomas with enough time

21
Q

What is the prognosis for anaplastic astrocytomas (WHO Grade III)?

A

2 years

22
Q

What age range is most prone to glioblastoma multiforme (WHO Grade IV)?

A

60-70

23
Q

What genetic condition can make people more likely to develop neurological tumours?

A

Neurofibromatosis

specifically NF1 in the case of pilocytic astrocytomas and NF2 for meningiomas and acoustic neuromas

24
Q

What is the prognosis for glioblastoma multiforme?

A

<1 year

25
Q

What type of tumour is described as having a ‘butterfly’ appearance?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

26
Q

What age range do oligodendrogliomas typically affect?

A

25-45

27
Q

What age range do meningiomas typically effect?

A

60-70

28
Q

Radiation in childhood is a risk factor for which type of brain tumour?

A

Meningioma

29
Q

What is the most common type of hormone secreting adenoma?

A

Prolactinoma

30
Q

A bilateral acoustic neuroma/vestibular schwannoma in a young person would indicate what genetic condition?

A

NF2

31
Q

What type of hearing loss is caused by acoustic neuromas/vestibular schwannomas?

A

Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (if tumour is unilateral)

32
Q

Von Hippel–Landau syndrome is associated with what brain tumour?

A

Haemangioblastoma

33
Q

What genetic syndrome predisposes to pituitary macroadenomas?

A

MEN1

4th Year Oncology (6 decks)

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