NEURO THEORY Flashcards
UMN signs?
Diuse atrophy hypertonia spastic paralysis clonus \+ve babinskis sign hyper-reflexia
LMN signs?
Atrophy due to deinnervation
hypotonia
hyporeflexia
fasciculations
examples of UMN lesions?
Stroke
Spinal cord injury
Examples of LMN lesions?
Bell’s palsy
Bulbar poliomyelitis
What does ‘pyramidal’ mean in a neuro context?
In the cortico spinal tract
What does ‘extra-pyramidal’ mean in neuro context?
Not in cortico-spinal tract, in basal ganglia + cerebellum
Outline MRC power scale?
0- no contraction
1-flicker or trace of contraction
2-active movement with gravity eliminated
3- active movement against gravity
4- active movement against gravity and resistance
5- normal power
What is the dorsal column pathway responsible for?
Light touch, vibration, 2 point discrimination and proprioception
What is the spinothalamic pathway responsible for?
temperature, pain and crude touch
Outline dorsal column pathway
First order neurones ascend, project into the 2nd order neurones
These decussate in the medulla and ascend to the thalamus.
Synapse onto the 3rd order neurones in the thalamus
Outline spinothalamic pathway
First order neurones synapse onto second order at the level that they enter, cross over and then ascend to the thalamus where they synapse onto the 3rd order neurones
what is an extradural haematoma?
It is a bleed in the brain in between the skull and the dura- usually from the middle meningeal artery
Clinical presentation of extradural haematoma?
Pt loses consciousness–> lucid interval–> losses consciousness again
What injuries usually cause an extradural haematoma?
Low impact
Why does the pt lose consciousness again after the lucid interval?
Expanding haematoma–> uncus of temporal lobe herniates around the tentorium cerebelli–> fixed and dilated pupil due to compression of 3rd nerve parasympathetic fibres
