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Neuro Clinical Templates > Neuro Terminology > Flashcards

Neuro Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Akinesia

A

inability to initiate movement; commonly seen in Parkinson’s patients

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2
Q

Asthenia

A

generalized weakness, typically secondary to cerebellar pathology

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3
Q

Ataxia

A

inability to perform coordinated movements

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4
Q

Athetosis

A

condition that presents with involuntary movements combined with instability of posture

peripheral movements occur without central stability

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5
Q

Chorea

A

sudden, random, and involuntary movements

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6
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia

A

inability to perform rapidly alternating movements

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7
Q

Dysmetria

A

inability to control the range of movement and the force of muscular activity

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8
Q

Dystonia

A

closely related to athetosis, however, there is a larger axial muscle involvement rather than appendicular muscles

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9
Q

Fasciculation

A

muscular twitch that is caused by random discharge of lower motor neuron and its muscle fibers; suggests lower motor neuron disease but can be benign

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10
Q

hemiballism

A

involuntary and violent movement of a large body part

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11
Q

Kinesthesia

A

ability to perceive the direction and extent of movement of a joint or body part

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12
Q

Lead pipe Rigidity

A

rigidity where there is uniform and constant resistance to range of motion; often associated with lesions of the basal ganglia

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13
Q

Cogwheel Rigidity

A

form of rigidity where resistance to movement has a phasic quality to it; often seen with Parkinson’s patients

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14
Q

Rigidity

A

state of severe hypertonicity where a sustained muscle contraction does not allow for any movement at a specified joint

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15
Q

Tremor

A

Involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movements secondary to basal ganglia lesion

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16
Q

Fluent Aphasia

A
  • word output and speech production are functional
  • empty speech/jargon
  • speech lacks any substance, use of paraphasias
  • lesion usually in Wernicke’s area
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17
Q

Non-Fluent Aphasia

A
  • lesion usually in frontal lobe
  • poor word output and dysprosodic speech
  • poor articulation and increased effort of speech
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18
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A
  • Also known as receptive aphasia
  • comprehension (reading and auditory) is impaired
  • good articulation
  • impaired writing
  • poor naming ability
  • motor impairment not typical
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19
Q

Conduction Aphasia

A
  • severe impairment with repetition
  • intact fluency, good comprehension
  • speech interrupted by word-finding difficulties
  • reading is intact but reading is impaired
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20
Q

Broca’s Aphasia

A
  • also known as expressive aphasia
  • most common form of aphasia
  • intact auditory and reading comprehension
  • impaired repetition and naming skills
  • frustration with language skill errors
  • motor impairment is typical due to proximity to motor cortex
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21
Q

Apraxia

A

Inability to perform particular purposive actions, as a result of brain damage.

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22
Q

Massed Practice

A

practice time in a trial is greater than the amount of rest between trials

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23
Q

Distributed Practice

A

`amount of rest time between trials is equal to or is greater than the amount of practice time for each trial

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24
Q

Constant Practice

A

practice of a given task under a uniform condition

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25
Q

Variable Practice

A

practice of a given task under differing conditions

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26
Q

Random Practice

A

varying practice amongst different tasks

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27
Q

Blocked Practice

A

Consistent practice of a single task

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28
Q

Whole Training

A

practice of an entire task

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29
Q

Part Training

A

practice of an individual component or selected components of a task

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30
Q

Closed System Model

A

performing a uniform task without having to react to stimuli such as drawing a square or running from one line to another

31
Q

Open System Model

A

Patient has to react to outside stimuli to complete a task such as jogging in place and then running to a cone which the therapist points at randomly

32
Q

Agnosia

A

inability to interpret information

33
Q

Agraphesthesia

A

inability to recognize symbols, letters or numbers traced on the skin

34
Q

Agraphia

A

inability to write due to a lesion within the brain and is typically found in combination with aphasia

35
Q

Alexia

A

inability to read or comprehend written language secondary to a lesion within the dominant lobe of the brain

36
Q

Anosognosia

A

denial or unawareness of one’s illness; often associated with unilateral neglect

37
Q

Astereognosis

A

inability to recognize objects by sense of touch

38
Q

Body Schema

A

having an understanding of the body as a whole and the relationship of its parts to the whole

39
Q

Constructional Apraxia

A

the inability to reproduce geometric figures and designs; person is often unable to visually analyze how to perform a task

40
Q

Decerebrate Rigidity

A

characteristic of a corticospinal lesion at the level of the brainstem that results in extension of the trunk and all extremities

41
Q

Decorticate Rigidity

A

characteristic of a corticospinal lesion at the level of the diencephalon where the trunk and lower extremities are positioned in extension and the upper extremities are positioned in flexion

42
Q

Diplopia

A

double vision

43
Q

Dysarthria

A

slurred and impaired speech due to a motor deficit of the tongue or other muscles essential for speech

44
Q

Dysphagia

A

inability to properly swallow

45
Q

Dysprosody

A

impairment of the rhythm and inflection of speech

46
Q

Emotional Lability

A

a characteristic of a right hemisphere infarct where there is an inability to control emotions and outbursts of laughing or crying that are inconsistent with the situation

47
Q

Fluent Aphasia

A

characteristic of receptive aphasia where speech produced functional output regarding articulation, but lacks content and is typically dysprosodic using neologistic jargon

48
Q

Hemiparesis

A

condition of weakness on one side of the body

49
Q

Hemiplegia

A

a condition of paralysis on one side of the body

50
Q

Homonymous Hemianopsia

A

loss of the right or left half of the field of vision in both eyes

51
Q

Ideational Apraxia

A

inability to formulate an initial motor plan and sequence tasks where the proprioceptive input necessary for movement is impaired

52
Q

Ideomotor Apraxia

A

condition where a person plans a movement or task but cannot volitionally perform it

automatic movement may occur, however, a person cannot impose additional movement on command

53
Q

Neologism

A

Substitution within a word that is so severe that it makes the word unrecognizable

54
Q

Perseveration

A

state of repeatedly performing the same segment of a task or repeatedly saying the same word/phrase without purpose

55
Q

Synergy

A

mass movement patterns that are primitive in nature and coupled with spasticity due to brain damage

56
Q

Myelotomy

A

a surgical procedure that severs certain tracts within the spinal cord in order to decrease spasticity and improve function

57
Q

Neurectomy

A

a surgical removal of a segment of a nerve in order to decrease spasticity and improve function

58
Q

Neurogenic Non-reflexive Bladder

A

a bladder that is flaccid as a result of a cause equina or conus medullaris lesion

the sacral reflex arc remains intact

59
Q

Neurogenic reflexive ballder

A

bladder empties reflexively for a patient with an injury above the level of T12

60
Q

Neurologic Level

A

lowest segment of the spinal cord with intact strength and sensation

muscle group at this level must receive a grade of four or higher

61
Q

Paraplegia

A

injuries that occur at the level of the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral spine

62
Q

Rhizotomy

A

surgical resection of the sensory component of a spinal nerve in order to decrease spasticity and improve function

63
Q

Sacral Sparing

A

an incomplete lesion where some of the innermost tracts remain innervated

characteristics include sensation of the saddle area, movement of the toe flexors, and rectal sphincter contraction

64
Q

Spinal Shock

A

a physiologic response that occurs between 30 and 60 minutes after trauma to the spinal cord and can last up to several weeks

presents with total flaccid paralysis and loss of all reflexes below the level of injury

65
Q

Tenodesis

A

patients with tetraplegia that do not possess motor control for grasp can utilize the tight finger flexors in combination with wrist extension to produce a form of grasp

66
Q

Tenotomy

A

surgical release of a tendon in order to decrease spasticity and improve function

67
Q

Tetraplegia (quadraplegia)

A

injuries that occur at the level of the cervical spine and effect all limbs

68
Q

Zone of preservation

A

term use to describe poor or trace motor or sensory function for up to 3 levels below the neurologic level of injury

69
Q

Coma

A

state of unconsciousness and a level of unresponsiveness to all internal or external stimuli

70
Q

Stupor

A

a state of general unresponsiveness with arousal occurring from repeated stimuli

71
Q

Obtundity

A

state of consciousness that is characterized by a state of sleep, reduced alertness to arousal, and delayed response to stimuli

72
Q

Delirium

A

state of consciousness that is characterized by disorientation, confusion, agitation, and loudness

73
Q

Clouding of Consciousness

A

a state of consciousness that is characterized by quiet behavior, confusion, poor attention, and delayed responses

Neuro Clinical Templates (4 decks)

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