Neuro Quiz- Cranium Flashcards
What are the paired cranial vault bones?
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Lascrimal
- Nasal bone
- Inferior nasal concha
- Zygomatic
- Palatine
- Maxilla
What are the unpaired bones of the cranial vault?
- Frontal
- Occipital
- Ethniod
- Sphenoid
- Vomer
- Mandible
What part of the skull is soft?
The Pterion
Name the sutures of the skull.
- Coronal
- Metopic
- Squamsosal
- Lambdoid
- Sagittal
What bone structure holds the pituitary gland?
The Stella Turkic’s, part of the sphenoid bone
The sphenoid bone holds how many CN?
5
What is cranial nerve V?
Trigeminal
What are the 3 Trigeminal nerves?
V1
V2
V3
V1 - ophthalmia
V2- maxillary
V3- mandibular
List the CN in each segment of the brain.
CE (2) = I , II
MI (2) = III, IV
PONS (4) = V, VI, VII, VIII
MEDU (4)= IX, X, XI, XII
Anterior Fossa
Name the nerve and Fossa
I olfactory in the cribriform fossa
What nerves are in the Middle Fossa?
II through VI (2-6), internal carotid artery, and middle Meningeal artery
What cranial nerves are in the posterior fossa?
VII (7) through XII (12), Internal jugular vein, Brainstem/Spinal cord
What foramen contains the optic nerve?
Optic canal
What foramen contains the olfactory nerve?
Cribriform
The superior orbital fissure contains what structures?
Oculomotor Nerve
Trochlear Nerve
Trigeminal
V1- ophthalmic
Abducens Nerve
What structure in found in the foramen Rotundum?
V2- Maxillary Branch
What structure in found in the foramen ovale?
V3- Mandibular Branch
What Structure is found in the foramen Lacrum?
Internal Carotid Artery
What structure is found in the foramen spinosum?
The middle Meningeal Artery
What is found in the Internal acoustic meatus?
VII facial nerve
VIII Vestibulocochlear
What structures are in the jugular foramen?
IX Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus
XI Accessory
Internal Jugular Vein
What structure is in the hypoglossal canal?
XII Hypoglossal Nerve
What structures are in the Foramen Magnum?
Spinal cord and brain stem
What makes the falx cerebri?
The Meningeal layer of the dura
The dura splits in what two layers?
Meningeal Layer and periosteal layer
What structure is made by the dura mater (periosteal and Meningeal layers)?
The superior sagittal sinus
What layer is though, fibrous outer layer that provides the primary structural support, attaching the brain to the skull and forming folds that help stabilize the brain movement within the cranial cavity?
Dura Mater
What layer is delicate, web-like middle layer creates the subarachnoid space where CSF circulates, acting as a shock absorber and cushioning the brain?
Arachnoid mater
What thin layer, innermost layer directly adheres to the brain surface, providing a pathway for blood vessels to deliver nutrients and oxygen to the brain?
Pia
The epidural space lies between what structures?
Between the skill and dura
What space is between the dura and arachnoid layer?
Subdural space
Where is the subarachnoid space located?
Between the arachnoid and pia mater
Where is the middle Meningeal artery located?
In the epidural space lies
Where are the bridging veins located?
Subdural space
Where does the CSF circulates and major arteries located?
In the subarachnoid space
What are the functions of the CSF?
- Protection
- Buoyancy
- Chemical stability
- Metabolite removal
- Hormones and neuropeptide transport
What is the flow of CSF?
- Lateral ventricles
- Interventricular foramen or foramen of Monro
- Third ventricle (thalamus and hypothalamus)
- Cerebral aqueduct
- Fourth ventricle
- Foramen luschka/magendie
- Subarachnoid space (brainstem/ spinal cord)
- Absorbed through the arachnoid granulations
- Returned to the venous circulation via dural sinuses
Describe an epidural hemorrhage.
- lens shape
- external blow with fx to temporal bone (Pterion) leading to rupture of middle Meningeal Artery
- S/S: none initially
- untreated: inc. HA, inc. ICP, inc. brain herniation, death
Describe Subdural hemorrhage?
Crest shape
Blunt trauma without fx.
Rupture or sheering of the bridging veins
Chronic: slow HA, cognitive impairments, unsteady gait. Focal dysfunction and seizures
Acute: high impact and involve other serious injuries
Describe subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Rupture of major arteries and veins
Non-traumatic —> arterial aneurysms
Traumatic —> Inc. HA, brainstem herniation, death, coma
Describe intracerebral/ intraparenchymal hemorrhage?
Bleeding in the brain tissue.
Large arteries —> cerebral lobes
Small arteries —> HTN
Non-traumatic —> HTN
Traumatic —-> contusion
