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CPD III > Neuro Quiz #3 > Flashcards

Neuro Quiz #3 Flashcards

1
Q

epilepsy

A
  • neuro disorder

- unprovoked seizures

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2
Q

what causes non-epileptic seizures?

A

metabolic disorders
CNS infxn
drug toxicity withdrawal

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3
Q

what causes symptomatic seizures

A

due to known cause (brain tumor or stroke)

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4
Q

what causes psychogenic seizures

A

no electrical discharge in brain

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5
Q

generalized seizure

A

entire cortex

complete LOC

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6
Q

types of generalized seizures

A 
infantile spasms
tonic clonic
absence seizures
atonic
myoclonic
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7
Q

what is a partial seizure

A

one cerebral cortex

from structural abnormalities

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8
Q

types of partial seizures

A

simple partial

complex partial

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9
Q

simple partial seizure

A

motor, sensory, or psychomotor sx without LOC

normal and then sudden jerking

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10
Q
  • what do sensory and motor simple partial seizures indicate?
A

structural brain disease
focal onset localizing the lesion
full investigation mandatory

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11
Q

sx of motor simple partial seizure

A

movements of contralateral face and trunk or limbs affected
clonic (shaking)
jacksonian march

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12
Q

sx sensory simple partial seizure

A

parasthesias or tingling in extremity of face.
distortion of body image
chewing and limp smacking

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13
Q

postictal state

A

deep sleep
HA
confusion
muscle soreness

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14
Q

dx of seizures

A

hx
PE
Testing
Imaging - aura?

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15
Q

hx questions to ask about seizures

A
  • interview family
  • ask about risk factors: prior head trauma, CNS infxn, known neuro disorder, drug withdrawal, etc
  • ask about rare triggers such as flashing lights
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16
Q

PE exam to dx seizures

A

neuro exam, look for bitten tongue, soiled clothes, fever, stiff neck, papilledema

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17
Q

what tests would you run to dx seizure

A 
CBC
CMP
LFTs
fox screen
lumbar puncture 
CT
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18
Q

Imaging

A

CT
MRI to follow up
EEG for brain activity

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19
Q

brain abscess

A

intracerebral collection of pus

- from cranial infxn, penetrating head wound, spread through blood

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20
Q

sx of brain abscess

A 
HA
nausea
vomitting
lethargy
fever
seizures
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21
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of brain parenchyma due to direct viral invasion

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22
Q

causes of encephalitis

A
  • arbovirus
  • **sporadic: HSV (most common)
  • HIV
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23
Q

sx of encephalitis

A

HA
fever
altered mental status
seizures

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24
Q

dx encephalitis

A

MRI

CSF testing

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25
Q

Rabies

A

viral encephalitis transferred by infected animal saliva

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26
Q

sx rabies

A 
depression
fever
agitation
salivation
hydrophobia
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27
Q

dx rabies

A

suspect with ascending paralysis and animal bite
skin biopsy
PCR

28
Q

helminthic brain infections

A

affects millions in developing countries

pork tapeworm

29
Q

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

A

demyelingating disease where myelin sheath covering axons is destroyed
- caused by reactivation of JC virus (usually HIV pt)

30
Q

sx of PML

A

clumsiness
hemiparesis
aphasia, dysarthria, hemianopia

31
Q

dx PML

A

MRI
CSF
brain biopsy

32
Q

*Subdural empyema

A

collection of pus between dura mater and arachnoid mater

33
Q

subdural empyema is a complication of what?

A

sinusitis

34
Q

sx of subdural empyema

A

fever
lethargy
seizure

35
Q

dx subdural empyema

A

MRI

36
Q

CJD (creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)

A

sporadic (most common)
variant
eating meat from cattle with bovine spongioform encephalopathy

37
Q

sx CJD

A

memory loss
confusion
incoordination ataxia
startle myoclonus

38
Q

dx CJD

A

suspect in elderly pt with rapidly progressing dementia

MRI

39
Q

gertsmann-straussler-Scheinker Diesease

A

similar to CJD
less common
misfolded protein kills neurons in brain and creates holes

40
Q

Meningitis

A

inflammation of meninges and subarachnoid space

from infxn or rxn to drugs

41
Q

sx meningitis

A

HA
fever
nuchal rigidity

42
Q

PE for Meningitis

A

Kernig (+)
Brudzinski (+)
difficulty touching chin to chest with mouth closed
difficulty touching forehead or chin to knee

43
Q

Dx

A

CSF (lumbar puncture)

44
Q

pathophys of acute bacterial meningitis

A

nearby infected structures (sinus, middle ear,)
hematogenous spread
penetrating wound, surgery, etc

45
Q

sx acute bacterial meningitis

A

3-5 days of progressive non-specific sx: malaise, fever, irritability, vomitting
- sx develop: fever, HA, photophobia, changes in mental status

46
Q

sx acute bacterial meningitis

A

3-5 days of progressive non-specific sx: malaise, fever, irritability, vomitting
- sx develop: fever, HA, photophobia, changes in mental status, nuchal rigidity, seizures (children)

47
Q

viral meningitis

A

less severe than bacterial
caused by enterovirus most commonly
and HSV

48
Q

what causes recurrent meningitis?

A

HSV

49
Q

involuntary rhythmic movement of any body part

A

tremor

50
Q

pathologic tremor

A

at rest or with movement

slow rate

51
Q

red flags for tremor

A

abrupt onset

onset people

52
Q

Huntington Disease

A

selective, local cell death associated with choleric movements and dementia
- neuronal loss of basal ganglia

53
Q

sx Huntingtons

A 
dementia
chorea
tics
myoclonal disturbances
puppet like gate
facial grimacing
inability to move eyes
54
Q

Parkinsons disease

A

bradykinesia, resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, postural impairment

55
Q

sx parkinsons

A 
mask-like faces
coarse tremor
rigidity
bradykinesia
shuffling gate
dementia
56
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

demyelination in patches of brain and spinal cord

EBV

57
Q

sx MS

A 
paresthesias (extremities, trunk, one side of face)
weakness or clumsiness of leg or hand
visual disturbances
urinary incontinence
gait 
stiffness of limbs
58
Q

dx MS

A

MRI of brain and spinal cord

59
Q

Myasthenia graves

A

muscle weakness and easy fatiguability

immune destruction of acetylcholine receptors

60
Q

sx myasthenia graves

A 
fatigability
ptosis
diplopia
dysphagia
recurrent pneumonia
pulmonary failure
61
Q

Guillain-Barre syndrome

A

acquired inflammatory neuropathy

demyelinating

62
Q

sx guillain barre

A

parasthesia of feet then hands
severe muscle weakness
total flaccid quadriplegia is worst

63
Q

DDX guillain barre

A

MS
myasthenia gravis
diabetes

64
Q

ALS

A

most common motor neuron disease

CNS and peripheral nervous system

65
Q

sx ALS

A 
asymmetric cramps, weakness, atrophy
fasciculations, hyperactive DTRs
awkwardness with movements
hoarseness
dysphagia

CPD III (7 decks)

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