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CPD III > Neuro Quiz #3 > Flashcards

Neuro Quiz #3 Flashcards

1
Q

epilepsy

A
  • neuro disorder

- unprovoked seizures

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2
Q

what causes non-epileptic seizures?

A

metabolic disorders
CNS infxn
drug toxicity withdrawal

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3
Q

what causes symptomatic seizures

A

due to known cause (brain tumor or stroke)

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4
Q

what causes psychogenic seizures

A

no electrical discharge in brain

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5
Q

generalized seizure

A

entire cortex

complete LOC

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6
Q

types of generalized seizures

A 
infantile spasms
tonic clonic
absence seizures
atonic
myoclonic
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7
Q

what is a partial seizure

A

one cerebral cortex

from structural abnormalities

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8
Q

types of partial seizures

A

simple partial

complex partial

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9
Q

simple partial seizure

A

motor, sensory, or psychomotor sx without LOC

normal and then sudden jerking

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10
Q
  • what do sensory and motor simple partial seizures indicate?
A

structural brain disease
focal onset localizing the lesion
full investigation mandatory

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11
Q

sx of motor simple partial seizure

A

movements of contralateral face and trunk or limbs affected
clonic (shaking)
jacksonian march

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12
Q

sx sensory simple partial seizure

A

parasthesias or tingling in extremity of face.
distortion of body image
chewing and limp smacking

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13
Q

postictal state

A

deep sleep
HA
confusion
muscle soreness

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14
Q

dx of seizures

A

hx
PE
Testing
Imaging - aura?

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15
Q

hx questions to ask about seizures

A
  • interview family
  • ask about risk factors: prior head trauma, CNS infxn, known neuro disorder, drug withdrawal, etc
  • ask about rare triggers such as flashing lights
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16
Q

PE exam to dx seizures

A

neuro exam, look for bitten tongue, soiled clothes, fever, stiff neck, papilledema

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17
Q

what tests would you run to dx seizure

A 
CBC
CMP
LFTs
fox screen
lumbar puncture 
CT
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18
Q

Imaging

A

CT
MRI to follow up
EEG for brain activity

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19
Q

brain abscess

A

intracerebral collection of pus

- from cranial infxn, penetrating head wound, spread through blood

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20
Q

sx of brain abscess

A 
HA
nausea
vomitting
lethargy
fever
seizures
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21
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of brain parenchyma due to direct viral invasion

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22
Q

causes of encephalitis

A
  • arbovirus
  • **sporadic: HSV (most common)
  • HIV
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23
Q

sx of encephalitis

A

HA
fever
altered mental status
seizures

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24
Q

dx encephalitis

A

MRI

CSF testing

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25
Rabies
viral encephalitis transferred by infected animal saliva
26
sx rabies
``` depression fever agitation salivation hydrophobia ```
27
dx rabies
suspect with ascending paralysis and animal bite skin biopsy PCR
28
helminthic brain infections
affects millions in developing countries | pork tapeworm
29
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
demyelingating disease where myelin sheath covering axons is destroyed - caused by reactivation of JC virus (usually HIV pt)
30
sx of PML
clumsiness hemiparesis aphasia, dysarthria, hemianopia
31
dx PML
MRI CSF brain biopsy
32
*Subdural empyema
collection of pus between dura mater and arachnoid mater
33
subdural empyema is a complication of what?
sinusitis
34
sx of subdural empyema
fever lethargy seizure
35
dx subdural empyema
MRI
36
CJD (creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)
sporadic (most common) variant eating meat from cattle with bovine spongioform encephalopathy
37
sx CJD
memory loss confusion incoordination ataxia startle myoclonus
38
dx CJD
suspect in elderly pt with rapidly progressing dementia | MRI
39
gertsmann-straussler-Scheinker Diesease
similar to CJD less common misfolded protein kills neurons in brain and creates holes
40
Meningitis
inflammation of meninges and subarachnoid space | from infxn or rxn to drugs
41
sx meningitis
HA fever nuchal rigidity
42
PE for Meningitis
Kernig (+) Brudzinski (+) difficulty touching chin to chest with mouth closed difficulty touching forehead or chin to knee
43
Dx
CSF (lumbar puncture)
44
pathophys of acute bacterial meningitis
nearby infected structures (sinus, middle ear,) hematogenous spread penetrating wound, surgery, etc
45
sx acute bacterial meningitis
3-5 days of progressive non-specific sx: malaise, fever, irritability, vomitting - sx develop: fever, HA, photophobia, changes in mental status
46
sx acute bacterial meningitis
3-5 days of progressive non-specific sx: malaise, fever, irritability, vomitting - sx develop: fever, HA, photophobia, changes in mental status, nuchal rigidity, seizures (children)
47
viral meningitis
less severe than bacterial caused by enterovirus most commonly and HSV
48
what causes recurrent meningitis?
HSV
49
involuntary rhythmic movement of any body part
tremor
50
pathologic tremor
at rest or with movement | slow rate
51
red flags for tremor
abrupt onset | onset people
52
Huntington Disease
selective, local cell death associated with choleric movements and dementia - neuronal loss of basal ganglia
53
sx Huntingtons
``` dementia chorea tics myoclonal disturbances puppet like gate facial grimacing inability to move eyes ```
54
Parkinsons disease
bradykinesia, resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, postural impairment
55
sx parkinsons
``` mask-like faces coarse tremor rigidity bradykinesia shuffling gate dementia ```
56
Multiple Sclerosis
demyelination in patches of brain and spinal cord | EBV
57
sx MS
``` paresthesias (extremities, trunk, one side of face) weakness or clumsiness of leg or hand visual disturbances urinary incontinence gait stiffness of limbs ```
58
dx MS
MRI of brain and spinal cord
59
Myasthenia graves
muscle weakness and easy fatiguability | immune destruction of acetylcholine receptors
60
sx myasthenia graves
``` fatigability ptosis diplopia dysphagia recurrent pneumonia pulmonary failure ```
61
Guillain-Barre syndrome
acquired inflammatory neuropathy | demyelinating
62
sx guillain barre
parasthesia of feet then hands severe muscle weakness total flaccid quadriplegia is worst
63
DDX guillain barre
MS myasthenia gravis diabetes
64
ALS
most common motor neuron disease | CNS and peripheral nervous system
65
sx ALS
``` asymmetric cramps, weakness, atrophy fasciculations, hyperactive DTRs awkwardness with movements hoarseness dysphagia ```

CPD III (7 decks)

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