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Nervous System > Neuro Quero > Flashcards

Neuro Quero Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mediacl tx of alz?

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors - e.g donepezil,rivastigmine, galantamine

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2
Q

what are the four main signs of Parkinsons

A

Bradykinesia, ridgidity, tremour and post instability

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3
Q

What drugs can cause parkinsons?

A

Dopamine antagonists

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4
Q

What are potential tx for PD?

A

Dopamine replacement, levodopa, peripeheral aaad inhib, mao-b comt inhib

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5
Q

SS of Huntingtons?

A

Hyperkinesia, dementia, personality dosorders, chorea

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6
Q

What is pyramidal pattern of weakness?

A

Flexors stronger in arms/ extensors weaker in legs

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7
Q

How is exencephaly ix?

A

afp in maternal serum and amniotic fluid, US

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8
Q

What is the tx of exencephaly?

A

folic acid supps

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9
Q

what is enceohalocoele?

A

herniation of meninges or brain tissue through skill

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10
Q

what is spina bifida

A

failure of caudal posterior neuropore to close reuslting in cleft like split in spine

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11
Q

Whatis the tx of hydrocephalus?

A

acetazolamide - carbonic anhydrase inhib, drainage, diversion - only non communicating, remove obstruction, shunt insertion

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12
Q

What is the meningitis calssic triad?

A

Fever >38, neck stiffness, altered mentals tate

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13
Q

What are the fout signs of meningism?

A

Neck stiffness, photo/phonophobia, fever

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14
Q

What are the two bacterial causes of meningitis?

A

Stre pneumoniae, and niessera meningitis

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15
Q

What is the viral cause of meningitis

A

enterovirus

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16
Q

what drugs can cause menigitis?

A

NSAID, IVIF

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17
Q

what ix would you do for menigitis?

A

Blood culture, Lubat puncture, passive neck bending and tumbler test

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18
Q

what are two viral causes of encephalitis?

A

Arbovirus and HIV - tx - aciclovir

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19
Q

what bacteria cause brain abcess?

A

streproccocci, anaerboes

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20
Q

tx of lyme disease

A

Cause - borella burgoferi, tx docycline, ceftriazone

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21
Q

syphilus cx?

A

trepomena pallidum

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22
Q

syph tx?

A

penicillin

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23
Q

rabies cx?

A

lyssavirus

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24
Q

tetanus tx

A

immunusation - toxoid atigen and penicllin w/immonG

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25
Q

botulism tx?

A

anti-toxin, penicllin and remove infection

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26
Q

ix of cjd

A

mri, eeg,csf

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27
Q

brain tumour ix?

A

ct +/- contrast, MRI +/- contrast, myelogrpahy, PET, Lumbar pucnture,

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28
Q

describe a meningioma

A

iso/hypodense with areas of calc

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29
Q

describe astrocytoma

A

well circumbssied, hypo/isod = not capsulated

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30
Q

describe glioma

A

no mets, non encaps

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31
Q

describe oligodendroma

A

fried egg appear, from myelin +seixures and neuro defects

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32
Q

desc brainstem glioma

A

locked in syndrome

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33
Q

desc medulloblastoma

A

small round tumour affecting kids

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34
Q

desc vest schwannomma

A

acoustic neuroma

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35
Q

ss of cerbral tumour?

A

headache, vomit chagie in vision , hemiparessi/plegia, hypokinesia, decr tactile discrimination , seizures, personality changes

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36
Q

cx of coma?

A

toxic, seizures, RAS damage, INc ICP

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37
Q

what is type 1 coma

A

coma w/ no focal signs or meningism

38
Q

what is type 2 coma

A

coma w/ meningism and no focal signs = 1

39
Q

what is type 3 coma

A

coma w/ focal signs and no meningism = 1

40
Q

ix of epilipsey

A

hx, ix - [glu]blood, ecg,ct … MRI -generalised primary,

41
Q

what is myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune cndtion where nicotinic receptors affected

42
Q

SS of myasthenia gravis

A

fatiguable weakness, sob, diplopia

43
Q

ix of myasthenia grvais

A

achr antibody, anti musk antibody, emg, tension test, ct chets

44
Q

tx of myasthenia gravsi

A

achrase inhib prednisolobe,azahiopinr, thymectomy

45
Q

ix of ms

A

mri - t1 w/ gadilonium and lumb punc, bloods, cxr

46
Q

tx of ms

A

1st line - beta interferon, teriflunomide, dimetyhyl fumarate
2nd line - fingolimodv, natalizumab, alemtuzumab …. acute - oral prednisolone

47
Q

what does mannitol do

A

tx of intracranial ht

48
Q

tx of tension type headaceh

A

asprin, paracetamol, nsaid, tricyclic antidepressant

49
Q

6 types of prim headache

A

tension, migrane cluster, paroxysmal, sunct, trigeminal neuralgia

50
Q

tx of migrane during

A

NSAID, asprin, triptans

51
Q

prophyl tx of migrane

A

propanolol, ARB- candesartan , anti-epileptic-Gabapentine, antidepressant - amitriptyline

52
Q

throbbing and excrutuating unilateral pain in orbital and temp region w/ rapid onset and cessation from 15mins -3hrs

A

cluster headache

53
Q

throbbing and excrutiating unilateral pain in orbital and temp region w/ rapid onset and cessation from 2-30mins

A

paroxysmal hemicrania

54
Q

stabbing r pulsating unilateral pain in supraorbital and temp region lasting 10-24 seconds that occur 3-200 times a day

A

SUNCT

55
Q

stabbing unliateral max and mand pain lasting 5-10s occuting 3-200x/d

A

Trigeminal neuralgia

56
Q

what meningitis with purple rash

A

meningicoccol

57
Q

cluster headache abortive tx?

A

subcatenous sumatriptan, nazal zolamtriptan 100 percent o2, occip[otal depomedrone, oral prednisolone

58
Q

cluster heradache preventive tx?

A

verapamil- ca channel blocker, lithiium antidepressant, methypergide, topiramate

59
Q

prophyl for paroxysiaml hemi?

A

indometacin - NSAID, COX2 inihb and topiramte

60
Q

SUNCT prophylaxis tx?

A

lamotrogine - anti convuls, gabapentin - antiepile,

61
Q

trigemnial neuralgia prophylax?

A

antiepileptiocs - carbamezapine, glyc ganglion injection, steroatrtric radiosurgery, decrompressive surgery

62
Q

inflammatory cx of raised ICP

A

meningitis, encephalitis, abscess

63
Q

vasc cx of raised ICP?

A

intracranial haemorrhage, brain swelling

64
Q

tumou cx of raised ICP

A

glioblastoma multiforme, meningioma

65
Q

tx of riased ICP?

A

Hyperventilation - Decr PCO2-> decrease flow, MANNITOL(temp), Thiopentone (sedate), Acetazolamide- Decr CSF prod, caraniotomy, drainage, decompressive craniostomy, CSF diversion

66
Q

What is uncal herniation?

A

3rd cranial nerve + ipsi CST

67
Q

what is cingulate herniation?

A

AKA subflacine- displace medial motor cortex beneath edge of falx cerebri

68
Q

What is normal ICP?

A

5-15mmHg

69
Q

Ix of IC heam?

A

MRI, CT GCS

70
Q

ALARM ft of IC heam?

A

headche worse in morn/flat, focal/non-fical signs, seizures, visual obscuration

71
Q

What is giant cell arteritis?

A

temporal arteritis, systemic infecttion vascultits of the medium large arteiries of head

72
Q

SS of GCArteritis?

A

Headache, scalp tenderness, beaded temp arteries , INcrease ESR (>50), Inc CRP, Inc Platellete

73
Q

Tx of Giant cell arteriitis?

A

Tempa artery biopsy and prednisolone

74
Q

3 major manifestations of anxiety?

A

Autonomic, Inc Motor tone, hypervigilance

75
Q

What is spondylosis?

A

Age related wear and tear of the disks, cervical - neck arteritis, lumbar - cauda equina syndrome

76
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndorme?

A

Compression of median nerve at wrist

77
Q

How does carpal tunnel sydnrome present?

A

Pain at night, parasthesia, numbness and tingling

78
Q

What is intramedulalry spinal neoplasms?

A

Begin with the cells within the spinal cord (astrocytomas. epnedyomas)

79
Q

Where are extramedullary spinal neoplasm begin with?

A

Within the supporting network of cells around the SC

80
Q

What is Bells Palsy?

A

Damage to the facial nerve, tx - steroids

81
Q

What does B palsy affect?

A

somatic motor - muscles of facial expression, visceral motor- salivary and lacrimanal gland, special sensory - 2/3 of tongue and soft pallete, general sensory - EAM

82
Q

SS of 3rd CrN palsy?

A

Fxed dialted pupil, flat and long lens, can’t adduct eye, can’t close eye

83
Q

Cx of Crn3 palsy?

A

Diabetes/HYpertension - painless pupil spared, Raised ICP, PCaAneurysm - Painful and pupil affecting

84
Q

What is Bulbar Palsy due to LMN?

A

Damage to CrN 9,10,11, 12

85
Q

SS of Bulb Palsy?

A

Wasted fasciculating tongue, dysarthia, dysphonia, dysphagia

86
Q

What is pseudobulbar palsy?

A

Bilateral UMN lesion

87
Q

SS of pseudobulb palsy?

A

Spastic immobile tongue, brisk jaw jerk, brisk gag reflex, dys(arth,phon, phagia)

88
Q

What causes narcolepsy?

A

Defective orexin release by hypothalamus

89
Q

What part of the sleep cycle are Nightmares found?

A

REM

90
Q

What part of the sleep cycle are Night terrors found?

A

Deep, Delta sleep

Nervous System (6 decks)

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