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neuro q1 Flashcards

0
Q

STX

A

paralytic toxin synthesized in marine dinoflagellates

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1
Q

TTX

A

blocks Na channel
puffer fish, frogs
prevents AP in diaphragam muscles

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2
Q

TEA

A

k channel blocker, no outward K in depol

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3
Q

local anesthetics

A

procaine nad lidochain– block flow of ions through Na channel (use dependent)–>binds inactivated channels so more effective at higher levels of neuronal activity

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4
Q

K closing

A

ball and chain

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5
Q

NA closing

A

loop of intraell charged + amino acids flip up and inactivate

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6
Q

CNS myelin is

A

unaffected by presence or absenece of axon

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7
Q

PNS myelin

A

entirely controlled by axons–>induction of genes depends on axon contact

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8
Q

neuroregulin

A

transmembrane factor that comes from axons
less NRG, thinner myelin
more NRG< thicker myselin

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9
Q

MAG

A

PNS & CNS

1st wrap

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10
Q

P

A

pns

myelin compaction

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11
Q

PLP

A

CNS compaction

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12
Q

MBP

A

pms & cns

apposition of inner membrane

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13
Q

SNARES in synaptic vesicles

A

synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin

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14
Q

SNARES in prsyn terminal membrane

A

SNAP 25, syntaxin

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15
Q

gullian barre

A

myelin deficit in PNS

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16
Q

MS

A

gaps or lesions in myselin of CNS

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17
Q

charcot marie tooth disease

A

peripheral and motor sensory neuropathy

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18
Q

botulin

A

blocks synaptic transmission inmotor neurons

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19
Q

Teatnus toxin

A

retrogradley transmitted through motorneurons –>inhib interneurons

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20
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune disorder against achr

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21
Q

organophosphates

A

chemicals used as pesticides that inactive AchE

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22
Q

succinylcholine cholride

A

muscle relaxant–imposes a very fast action depolarization prolongation

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23
Q

sporadic ALS

A

defective AMPA- Ca dependent exotoxicity

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24
Q

NKCC1 vs KCC2

A

NKCC1 makes GABA excitatory–>ealrly on

later replaced with KCC2 which makes gABA hyperpolarize

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25
Q

change in m dependent on

A

facilitation
depression
LTP

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26
Q

dacilitaion

A

increase in number of vesciles of NT released with each NT

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27
Q

depression

A

decreased in vesicles

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28
Q

macroglia come from

A

neural ectoderm (neural tube)

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29
Q

microglia come from

A

precursors of mesoderm

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30
Q

BMP

A

prevents ectoderm from becoming neuroectoderm

inhibited by noggin and chordin (from follistatin) socan make neuroectoderm

31
Q

SHH

A

ventralizing factor via notochord

32
Q

dorsal factors

A

TGF B, BMP, dorsalin, vit A

33
Q

SHH blocks

A

PTC which removes block from SMO

34
Q

why can SHH diffuse and act

A

it contains a cholesterol

35
Q

alar vs basal plates

A

alar- sensory

36
Q

basal plates

37
Q

alar- basal-

A

alar- lateral

basal- medial

38
Q

target of retinoic acid

39
Q

rhombencephalic vesicle

A

level of midbrain

anterior fold becomes pontine flexure–>separates myelencephalon from metencephalon

40
Q

mescencephalic vesicle

A

level of midbrain

41
Q

prosencephalic vesicle

A

more rostral

becomes diencephalic vesicle and 2 telencephalic vesiles on either side (retinas)

42
Q

telencephalic vesicle

A

lateral vesicel

43
Q

diencephalic veiscle

A

3rd ventricle

44
Q

mesencephalic vesicel

A

cerebral aqueduct

45
Q

metencephalic and myelencephalic

A

4th centricle

46
Q

cells with just notich

A

migrate to pia surface to become cells of mantle zone

47
Q

cells with numb

A

synthesize more notch and continue cycle

48
Q

notch + delta

A

inhibit neurogenin which turns off botch synthesis

49
Q

high notch

50
Q

high delta

A

neuroblast

51
Q

lateral ihibition

A

commitment of 1 cell to a particular fat

prevents adj cells from folowing same path

52
Q

internal carotid branches

A

opthalmic br
anterior chordial branch (follows optic tract)
posterior com

53
Q

anterior inferior cerebellar

A

lateral pons

54
Q

posterior cerebellar

A

posterior cortex

occipital

55
Q

middle cerebellar in

A

lateral fissure

56
Q

posterior inferior cerebellar

A

medula lateral brainstem

57
Q

perfusion pressure

58
Q

monro kellie doctrine

A

ntracranial pressure is fixed

59
Q

cushing reflex

A

markedly elevated blood pressure due to increased intracranial pressure

60
Q

areas lacking BBB

A

subfornical organ
area posterema of brainstem
median eminence

61
Q

4 property of stimuli

A

modality
location
intensity
duration

62
Q

dorsal columns medial lemniscus

A

proprioceptive
mechano-tactile, fine touch
vibratin

63
Q

1st order in DC

A

DRG–>synapse upper body-fasiculus cuneatus, lower body- fasiculus gracilis–(together= dorsal columns)

64
Q

2nd order DC

A

descussate in intneral arcuate tract of caudal medualla to the medial lemniscus where they synapse in VPL thalamus

65
Q

3rd order neurons

A

lower body is ventral to medial leminiscus–>latera
upper body is dorsal–>medial

synapse in S1

66
Q

Trigeminal mechanosensory

A

tactile info to face

67
Q

TMS

A

1stt- trigeminal ganglion–>pons (chief sensory nucleus of trigem)
2nd - decussat e in pons to medial leniscus–>VPM thalamus
3rd- SI

68
Q

STT

A

pain, temp, crude touch

69
Q

STT

A

1- DRG –>dorsal lateral tract of lassinar syanapse in dorsal horn
2- cross midline in anterior white comissure of spinal cord synapse vpl thalamus (upper body–>medial tract of STT/ALS, lower body-lateral tract)
3- internal capsule to SI

70
Q

dorsal spinocerebellar tract

A

1- dibers from thoracic, lumbar, sacral regions
synapse in dorsal nucleus of clarke
2- dorsolateral funiculus to cerebellum

71
Q

cuneaocereballar tract

A

10 cereical region–>cuneattract medulla
synapse in external cuneat nucleus
2- DSCT to cerebellum

72
Q

C fibers-

A

slow dull aching pain, poorly localized

73
Q

ad mechanoreceptors

A

fast, sharp, well localized pain

74
Q

trigeminal pain and temp and crude touch

A

trigmenal ganglion–>spinmedullary junction inSTT synapse in trigmenial brainstem

2- decussate and ascend in trigem thalamic tract in medial lemniscus synapse in VPM
3- posterior limb internal capsule

neuro (9 decks)

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