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neuro > CEREBELLUM > Flashcards

CEREBELLUM Flashcards

1
Q

what does the cerebellum do?

A

modulates movement

detects motor error and provide corrections to improve performance

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2
Q

ipsilateral or contralateral

A

ipsilateral side

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3
Q

cerebellum is joined to brainstem by

A

cerebral peduncles

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4
Q

superior peduncle

A
  • ->midbrain (brachium conjunctivum)
  • ->red nucleus OR–>thalamus (VL, VA)

output (decussates!)

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5
Q

middle peduncle

A

–>pons (brachium pontis)

input

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6
Q

inferior peduncle

A

–>medulla & spinal cord (restiform body)

input & output

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7
Q

what passes through inferior peduncle

A

vestibular nere & nucleus

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8
Q

what are the hemispheres of cerebellum separated by

A

vermis

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9
Q

fissures of cerebellum

A
  • primary fissure (ant/post)

- posterolateral (posterior/flocculonodular)

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10
Q

where is the tonsil lobule located?

A

superior to foramen magnum

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11
Q

what happens if intracranial pressure increases in tonsil lobule?

A

tonsil herniates downward through foramen magnum–>compresses respiratory centers in medulla and spinal cord

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12
Q

spinocerebellum parts

A

vermis

intermediate zone

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13
Q

fx of spinocerebellum

A
  • receives information from spinal cord

- regulates muscle tone and adjusts ongoing movements

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14
Q

fx cerebrocerebellum

A
  • receives info from cerebral cortex
  • planning and initiating skilled movements
  • mostly associated with cognitive functions
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15
Q

vestibulocerebellum components

A

aka flocculonodular lobe

–floculus and nodulus

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16
Q

fx vestibulocerebellum

A

-stabilization of eyes during head movement

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17
Q

nuclei from medial to lateral

A

fastigial
interposed
dendate nucleui

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18
Q

fastigial nuclei receive input form

A

purkinji cells of vermis

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19
Q

interposed receive input from

A

intermediate zone

globose and emboliform

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20
Q

dendate nuclei receive input from

A

lateral hemispheres

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21
Q

what is special about dendate nuclei

A

biggest output!

transverses superior cerebellar peduncle and decussates in midbrain

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22
Q

5 types of cells in cerebellar cortex

A 
purkinji cells
granule cells
golgi cells
basket cells
stellate cells
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23
Q

3 layers of cerebellar cortex

A

molecular- scarce neurons
purkinji- single layer large cells
granule cells- lots of neurons

24
Q

what is the only type of cell that doesnt use GABA?

A

granule cell

25
Q

purkinji cells

A

only output from cerebellar cortex

–terminates in deep cerebellar nuclei or vestibular nucleus

26
Q

where are purkinji axons

A

white matter

27
Q

granule cells

A

axons are in the molecular layer (called parallel fibers)–>synapse on dendrites of purkinji to excite

28
Q

2 input to cerebellum

A

mossy fibers

climbing fibers

29
Q

mossy fibers are

A

axons coming from other parts of the brain to terminate

–>a single mossy fiber excites thousands of granule cells

30
Q

pathway of cerebellum input

A

cerebral cortex —corticopontine fibers–>pons–pontocerebellar fibers–>mossy fibers in cerebellar cortex –>excite granule cells –>excite parallel fibers –>input to purkinji cells

31
Q

climbing fibers are

A

axons that extend up purkinji (climb it)

–arise from inferior olivary nucleus and connect to one or two purkinji

32
Q

climbing fiber vs granule cell

A

single Ap from climbing–>dozen AP from purkinji

many act II fibers–>1 purkinje response

33
Q

how many parallel fibers per purkinji?

A

100–>300,000

34
Q

inhibitory sculpting

A

outputs from cerebellum is shaped by inhibiting continuous activity

35
Q

plasticity

A

synapses between parallel fibers and purkinji cells are plastic–>changes lead to short term error correcton and long term motor learning

36
Q

long term vs short term plasticity

A

short term- few minutes or less; local inhibition or error correction

long term- greater than 30 mins
upregulation or downregulation of synthesis or trafficking of R in membrane

37
Q

II fibers excitation mech

A

glutaminergic –>acts on AMPA R and metabotrophic glutamate R–>DAG & IP3

38
Q

climbing fibers excite mech

A

activated when motor performance is not meeting expectation

–>aspartate is excite NT–>opens Ca channels and excites purkinji cell

39
Q

together II and climbing (long term synaptic dpression)

A

activate protein kinase C–>phos AMPA R (decrease efficacy in short term) & internalize ampa R–>dec response to activated synapse in future

**allows cerebellum to change output next time similar circumstances occur

40
Q

main job of vestibulocerebellum

A

tells about state of body eq

41
Q

input Vestibulocerebellum pathway

A

vestibular apparatus of internal ear (cristae, maculae, vestibular nuclei of brainstem)–> inf cerebellar peduncle–> ipsilateral–>terminate as mossy fibers

42
Q

output vestibulocerebellum

A

purkinji cell axon–>inf cerebellar peduncle–>termiante in vestibular nuclei–>spinal cord to go to extraoccular nuclei and other muscles

regulation of postural movements to main eq and muscle tone

43
Q

spinocerebellum

A

receives input from spinal cord and adjusts ongoing movements to control muscle tone

*proprioceptive from ipsilateral side
visual and aud compliment prioprioceptive information

44
Q

spinocer. input

A

spinocerebellar pathways (dorsal: lower limb vs cuneocerebellar: upper limb)–> inferior cerebellar peduncle

45
Q

termination of spinocer. input

A

trunk: vermis
limb: internal zone

46
Q

output of spinocer comes from 2 places

A

vermis

intermediate zone

47
Q

vermis output

A

ipsilateral fastigial nucleus
–>inf cerebellar peduncle–>brainstem bilaterally including vestibular nuclei and reticular formation
OR
–>motor cortex (via thal)–>ventral cortciospinal tract & corticobulbar tract

48
Q

ventral cortcospinal tract fx

A

axial muscles

49
Q

corticobulbar tract fx

A

facial/tongue muscles

50
Q

vestibular nuclei & resticular formation projection fx

A

influences descending pathways that control axial muscles via vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tract

51
Q

intermediate zone output

A

ipsilateral interposed nuclei
–>red nucleus
OR–>superior cerebellar peduncle (decussate)–>motor cortex (decussate again)–>lateral cortcospinal and rubrospinal tracts to limb muscles

**ipsilateral due to double crossover

52
Q

cerebrocerebellum

A

planning, learning, and initiating (high-skilled) voluntary motor sequence

53
Q

input cerebrocerebellum

A

cerebral cortex –corticopontine tract–>ipsilateral to pontine nucleus–>traverse pontine fibers–>DECUSSATE in pons–.enter middle cerebellar peduncle–>contralateral cerebellum

54
Q

output cerebrocerebellum

A

purkinji axons–>ips dentate nucleus–>sup cerebellar peduncle (decussate)–>VL thalamus OR red nucleus

55
Q

output cerebro from red nucleus

A

midbrain–dentatorubral fibers–>rednucleus (parvocellular division)–>ipsilateral inferior olive–>climbing fibers–>cross over and enter inferior cerebellar peduncle–>purkinje
*controlateral

56
Q

output from VL of thalamus

A

motor and premotor cortices via dentothalamic fibers

**usually ipsilateral because crossover in corticospinal and cortciobulbar

neuro (9 decks)

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